Stories in context

Correct option: Sızdıñ atyñyz kım?

Sızdıñ atyñyz kım?

What is your name?

Sızdıñ atyñyz kım? politely asks the other person’s name. Menıñ atym — Aleksei. gives your own name and does not ask a question.

Introduce yourself using your own name, then ask this question aloud.

Correct option: They live in Kazakhstan.

Men Qazaqstanda tūramyn.

I live in Kazakhstan.

Tūramyn means “I live”, and Qazaqstanda means “in Kazakhstan”. Living somewhere does not tell us where someone was born or whether they plan to move.

Say where you live: use this sentence if it is true for you.

Correct option: Baiauyraq

Baiauyraq söileñızşı.

Please speak more slowly.

Baiauyraq means “more slowly”. Qattyraq asks for greater volume, which does not address the fast pace.

Say the request aloud, then repeat a familiar phrase at a slower pace.

Correct option: The meaning of a word.

Būl söz nenı bıldıredı?

What does this word mean?

Būl söz means “this word”; nenı bıldıredı means “what does it mean”. Qaitalai alasyz ba? asks for repetition, not an explanation of meaning.

Choose an unfamiliar word from the lesson and use this question to ask what it means.

Correct option: Mağan bır kese şai berıñızşı.

Mağan bır kese şai berıñızşı.

Please give me a cup of tea.

Bır kese şai specifies the drink and quantity; berıñızşı makes the request polite. Mäzırdı berıñızşı asks for the menu but does not order tea.

Order tea aloud. Then add the request about sugar that you know.

Correct option: Do not add sugar.

Qantsyz bolsynşy.

No sugar, please.

Qant means “sugar”; -syz indicates absence: “without sugar”. It does not mean “less sugar”: even a small amount would not match the request.

Combine the tea order and the no-sugar request into two short utterances.

Correct option: Kartamen

Kartamen töleuge bola ma?

Can I pay by card?

Karta + -men gives kartamen, “by card”. Qolma-qol means “in cash” and changes the payment method.

Say the question aloud before an imagined purchase.

Correct option: The customer does not need a bag.

Mağan paket kerek emes.

I do not need a bag.

Paket kerek emes means “a bag is not needed”. Kerek without emes would reverse the meaning; the recording says nothing about a receipt.

Practise declining a bag politely and add Raqmet.

Correct option: Qai aialdamada tüsuım kerek?

Qai aialdamada tüsuım kerek?

Which stop should I get off at?

Qai aialdamada asks “at which stop”; tüsuım kerek means “I need to get off”. Būl avtobus vokzalğa bara ma? checks the route, which is already known here.

Imagine a familiar route and ask the passenger next to you this question aloud.

Correct option: Turn right.

Oñğa būrylyñyz.

Turn right.

Oñğa means “to the right”; būrylyñyz is a polite instruction to turn. “To the left” would be solğa, a different direction.

Say the instruction and point in the matching direction.

Correct option: altyda

Keşkı sağat altyda kezdesemız.

We will meet at six in the evening.

Sağat altyda gives the time of the event: “at six”. Altydan means “from six” and does not fit the exact meeting time.

Say the full meeting arrangement, then repeat it with emphasis on altyda.

Correct option: Tomorrow: they will be free.

Men erteñ bos bolamyn.

I will be free tomorrow.

Erteñ means “tomorrow”; bos bolamyn means “I will be free”. Bügın would mean “today”; the recording does not describe today’s availability.

Use this sentence if you will be free tomorrow; otherwise imagine a situation where it would be useful.

Correct option: Sız qai jerde tūrasyz?

Sız qai jerde tūrasyz?

Where do you live?

Sız qai jerde tūrasyz? asks about the other person’s home location. Bız päterde tūramyz. describes your own housing and asks nothing about them.

Ask the question aloud, then answer with a sentence about your home from the lesson.

Correct option: Their home is close to the centre.

Üiımız ortalyqqa jaqyn.

Our home is close to the centre.

Ortalyqqa jaqyn means “close to the centre”. Being close does not mean being right in the centre; no station is mentioned.

Choose a lesson phrase that fits your home and use it to describe it to someone.

Correct option: jañbyr

Qazır jañbyr jauyp tūr.

It is raining now.

Jañbyr jauyp tūr means “it is raining”. Qar jauyp tūr would describe snow: the grammar is similar, but the weather is different.

Look out of the window and choose a weather description from the lesson that fits.

Correct option: To wish you a nice day.

Künıñız jaqsy ötsın!

Have a nice day!

Künıñız jaqsy ötsın! is a wish for your day to go well. It is not a question and does not ask you to describe your plans.

Use this wish to end a short imagined conversation with a neighbour.

Correct option: Sızdı estımei tūrmyn.

Sızdı estımei tūrmyn.

I cannot hear you.

Sızdı estımei tūrmyn says “I cannot hear you”. Keiınırek qoñyrau şalyñyzşy asks for a later call but does not itself explain the audio problem.

Say the sentence as you would during a call with poor sound.

Correct option: Call them again later.

Keiınırek qoñyrau şalyñyzşy.

Please call back later.

Keiınırek means “later”; qoñyrau şalyñyzşy means “please call”. The request postpones the conversation rather than forbidding future calls.

Act out a short call: introduce yourself and politely ask for a later call.

Correct option: qysqartpañyzşy

Qatty qysqartpañyzşy.

Please do not cut too much off.

Qysqartpañyzşy contains the negative -pa-: “please do not shorten”. Qysqartyñyzşy lacks the negative and would turn the sentence into a request to cut much more off.

Say the request, then use a gesture to show the length you want.

Correct option: How much time it will take.

Qanşa uaqyt kerek?

How long will it take?

Uaqyt means “time”, so Qanşa uaqyt kerek? asks about duration. Qanşa alone does not mean a price: the following word matters.

Ask this before an imagined haircut, then say in Russian or English why the answer would help you.

Correct option: Kışkentai qaptamasyn berıñızşı.

Kışkentai qaptamasyn berıñızşı.

Please give me the small pack.

Kışkentai qaptamasyn berıñızşı specifies the small size. Bır qaptama mailyq gives a quantity and a product but does not select the small pack.

Imagine two packs on a shelf: point to the small one and say the request.

Correct option: Whether this product is shampoo.

Mynau susabyn ba?

Is this shampoo?

Mynau points to a nearby item, susabyn means “shampoo”, and ba marks the question. The customer checks what the product is, not its price.

Imagine a bottle with an unfamiliar label and use the lesson’s sentence to ask aloud whether it is shampoo.

Correct option: Aluşynyñ

Aluşynyñ aty — Aidana.

The recipient’s name is Aidana.

Aluşy is the recipient; aluşynyñ aty means “the recipient’s name”. Jıberuşınıñ refers to the sender and would mix up the two roles.

Say the sentence using your imagined recipient’s name instead of Aidana.

Correct option: Where to collect a parcel.

Sälemdemenı qaidan alamyn?

Where can I collect the parcel?

Qaidan asks where to collect from; alamyn means “I will receive/take”. Sending would use jıberu; this sentence is about collection.

Imagine entering a post office to collect a parcel: greet the staff and ask this question.

Correct option: Qalai jasau kerek ekenın körsetıñızşı.

Qalai jasau kerek ekenın körsetıñızşı.

Please show me how to do it.

Qalai jasau kerek ekenın körsetıñızşı explicitly asks for a demonstration. Mağan kömektesıñızşı requests help but does not specify that you need to see the movement.

Practise addressing a staff member: greet them and ask for a demonstration.

Correct option: This is their first visit to this place.

Men mūnda bırınşı ret keldım.

This is my first time here.

Mūnda means “here”; bırınşı ret means “for the first time”. The sentence describes a first visit to this place, not the person’s entire exercise history.

Use the sentence while imagining your first visit to a library or conversation club.

Correct option: Bır

Bır tünge qalamyn.

I will stay for one night.

Bır tünge means “for one night”. Ekı would change the stay to two nights even though the rest of the sentence would still be grammatical.

State an imagined length of stay, first for one night and then for two.

Correct option: Where breakfast will be.

Tañğy as qaida bolady?

Where will breakfast be?

Qaida asks about location; tañğy as means “breakfast”. Asking about time would require qaşan or sağat neşede; the price is not discussed.

Ask the question at an imagined hotel reception and gesture to show that you need the location.

Correct option: Ekınşı kıreberıske kelıñızşı.

Ekınşı kıreberıske kelıñızşı.

Please come to the second entrance.

Ekınşı kıreberıske identifies the entrance and the direction to go. Üşınşı qabatta describes a floor and would not fix the entrance mix-up.

Say the instruction to an imagined courier, keeping kıreberıs and qabat distinct.

Correct option: They will collect the order themselves.

Tapsyrysty özım alamyn.

I will collect the order myself.

Özım emphasises “myself”; alamyn means “I will collect”. The sentence does not ask to leave the order at the door or hand it to a neighbour.

Say that you will collect the order yourself, then add the lesson’s request to wait a minute.

Correct option: qaşan

Kıtapty qaşan qaitaru kerek?

When should I return the book?

Qaşan asks about the return time. Qaida would ask about the place, and kımge about the person to return it to; neither asks for the date.

Say the question, then write “expecting a date or deadline” beside it in Russian or English.

Correct option: The book is intended for children.

Būl kıtap balalarğa arnalğan.

This book is intended for children.

Balalarğa arnalğan means “intended for children”. It describes the audience, not the authors, owners or necessarily the book’s topic.

Imagine a suitable children’s book and use the sentence to describe it.

Correct option: Menıñ

Menıñ atym — Aleksei.

My name is Alexey.

Menıñ atym means “my name”. Sızdıñ means “your” and needs a different form of “name”: sızdıñ atyñyz.

Replace Aleksei with your own name and introduce yourself without reading.

Correct option: Nice to meet you.

Tanysqanyma quanyştymyn.

Nice to meet you.

Tanysqanyma quanyştymyn expresses pleasure at meeting someone. It belongs to an introduction; Sau bolyñyz is a goodbye.

Imagine someone has just introduced themselves and respond with this sentence.

Correct option: Qaitalai alasyz ba?

Qaitalai alasyz ba?

Can you repeat that?

Qaitalai alasyz ba? requests repetition. Baiauyraq söileñızşı asks for a slower pace rather than explicitly repeating what was missed.

Hide the text and ask for repetition, then say Raqmet.

Correct option: Let’s speak Kazakh.

Qazaqşa söileseiıkşı.

Let’s speak Kazakh.

Söileseiıkşı invites a shared action: “let’s speak”. Üirenıp jürmın only states that someone is learning.

Use this sentence to invite someone to speak Kazakh for at least a minute.

Correct option: bar

Sızderde bauyrsaq bar ma?

Do you have baursak?

Bar ma? asks “is there/are there?”. Joq ma? is not the required form; a negative question would use joq pa.

Ask about baursak before placing an imagined order.

Correct option: Everything was delicious.

Bärı öte dämdı boldy.

Everything was delicious.

Dämdı means “delicious”; boldy places the assessment after the meal. Asking for the bill would be Esepşotty äkelıñızşı.

Imagine a delicious dinner and express your appreciation, adding Raqmet.

Correct option: Chektı berıñızşı.

Chektı berıñızşı.

Please give me the receipt.

Chektı identifies the receipt being requested; berıñızşı means “please give”. Būl qanşa tūrady? asks about the price before payment.

Act out the end of a purchase: ask for the receipt and say thank you.

Correct option: I need two loaves of bread.

Mağan ekı nan kerek.

I need two loaves of bread.

Ekı gives the quantity, two; nan names bread. The kilogram-of-apples option changes both the product and the unit.

Say the sentence and show the quantity with your fingers, then repeat it without the gesture.

Correct option: qaida

Aialdama qaida?

Where is the bus stop?

Qaida means “where”. Qaşan asks “when” and does not ask for the bus stop’s location.

Ask where the bus stop is, starting with Keşırıñız.

Correct option: Please stop here.

Osy jerde toqtañyzşy.

Please stop here.

Osy jerde specifies “here”; toqtañyzşy asks the driver to stop. Tura jürıñız would mean to continue straight ahead.

Imagine your destination by the pavement and use the sentence to request a stop.

Correct option: Kezdesu sağat neşede?

Kezdesu sağat neşede?

What time is the meeting?

Kezdesu sağat neşede? ties the question to the meeting. Qazır sağat neşe? asks the current time, which may be entirely different.

Imagine a calendar entry with a question mark for the time and ask this question.

Correct option: Do you have time today?

Bügın uaqytyñyz bar ma?

Do you have time today?

Bügın means “today”; uaqytyñyz bar ma asks whether you have time. It asks about you rather than promising that the speaker will be free tomorrow.

Ask about availability today, then practise a short İä or Joq response.

Correct option: Bız

Bız päterde tūramyz.

We live in a flat.

Bız matches tūramyz: “we live”. Men would require tūramyn, so it does not fit the given ending.

Say the sentence for a family; if you live alone, separately practise the familiar Men ... tūramyn pattern.

Correct option: This is my mother.

Būl — menıñ anam.

This is my mother.

Menıñ anam means “my mother”: -m in anam marks first-person possession. The sentence does not identify the speaker’s child.

Point to an imagined photo of your mother and say the sentence.

Correct option: Erteñ aua raiy qandai bolady?

Erteñ aua raiy qandai bolady?

What will the weather be like tomorrow?

Erteñ places the question tomorrow; qandai bolady means “what will it be like”. Bügın kün jyly only describes today’s weather.

Ask the question, then emphasise erteñ so the day is clear.

Correct option: I am going to work.

Men jūmysqa baramyn.

I am going to work.

Jūmysqa gives the destination, “to work”; baramyn means “I am going”. This reports an action rather than wishing someone a nice day.

Act out leaving home: greet a neighbour and say where you are going.

Correct option: Aidanamen

Aidanamen söilesuge bola ma?

May I speak to Aidana?

Speaking with someone uses -men here: Aidanamen. Aidanadan means “from Aidana” and changes the relationship between the words.

Say the full request, then practise Aidanamen söilesuge as a chunk.

Correct option: You have dialled the wrong number.

Nömırdı qate terdıñız.

You have dialled the wrong number.

Nömırdı qate terdıñız says that the wrong number was dialled. It is not a request to call that same number later.

Imagine receiving a wrong-number call and say the sentence calmly.

Correct option: Ainadan körsetıñızşı.

Ainadan körsetıñızşı.

Please show me in the mirror.

Ainadan refers to the mirror; körsetıñızşı requests a view. Şaşymdy juyp berıñızşı requests a different service, washing your hair.

Say the request while imagining a mirror in front of you.

Correct option: Please trim my hair a little.

Şaşymdy azdap qysqartyñyzşy.

Please trim my hair a little.

Azdap means “a little”; qysqartyñyzşy means “please shorten”. Washing hair uses juyp berıñızşı: this request is specifically about changing its length.

Ask for a small trim and show the amount with a gesture.

Correct option: bır

Mağan bır qaptama mailyq kerek.

I need one pack of tissues.

Bır qaptama means one pack. Ekı would change the quantity to two while leaving the product unchanged.

Look at or imagine one pack and say that you need it.

Correct option: I found what I was looking for.

Men ızdegen zatty taptym.

I found what I was looking for.

Taptym means “I found”; ızdegen zatty refers to the item sought. The search has succeeded; this is not another availability question.

Find an item on your desk and say the sentence as if you had just located it.

Correct option: Qorap kerek.

Qorap kerek.

I need a box.

Qorap kerek directly names what you need: a box. Men sälemdeme jıberemın says you will send a parcel but does not request packaging.

Ask for a box, using Keşırıñız to begin and Raqmet afterwards.

Correct option: The address is written here.

Mekenjaiy myna jerde jazylğan.

The address is written here.

Myna jerde means “right here”; jazylğan means “written”. The sentence points out a written address rather than asking where to collect a parcel.

Point to a line containing an imagined address and say the sentence.

Correct option: bos

Būl oryn bos pa?

Is this spot free?

Bos means “free, unoccupied”. Jaqsy would describe the spot as good and would also require a different question particle.

Point to a chair and use the complete sentence to ask whether it is unoccupied.

Correct option: I will rest for a little while.

Men azdap demalamyn.

I will rest for a little while.

Demalamyn means “I will rest”; azdap limits the duration to a little while. This announces a break rather than requesting help with an exercise.

Take a short study break after saying this sentence.

Correct option: Kılttı berıñızşı.

Kılttı berıñızşı.

Please give me the key.

Kılttı berıñızşı requests the key. Bölmemnıñ nömırı qandai? asks for the room number, which is already known.

Act out receiving the key: make the request and say thank you.

Correct option: I booked a room.

Men bölme brondadym.

I booked a room.

Brondadym indicates that the booking has already been made. The sentence does not state how many nights were booked.

Say that you have booked a room, then give your surname using the lesson’s pattern.

Correct option: üşınşı

Men üşınşı qabatta tūramyn.

I live on the third floor.

Üşınşı means “third”; ekınşı means “second”. Qabatta locates your home on a floor, so changing the number sends the courier to another floor.

Say the practice sentence about the third floor, then name your own floor if you know the number.

Correct option: I will come downstairs.

Men tömen tüsemın.

I will come downstairs.

Tömen tüsemın means “I will come downstairs”. Esıktı aşamyn means “I will open the door”, a different action that does not necessarily involve coming down.

Imagine a courier downstairs and say that you will come down.

Correct option: Qazaq tılınde jeñıl kıtap bar ma?

Qazaq tılınde jeñıl kıtap bar ma?

Do you have an easy book in Kazakh?

Qazaq tılınde specifies the language; jeñıl specifies an easy level. Surettı kıtap requests pictures without specifying the language or reading difficulty.

Act out asking a librarian the complete question.

Correct option: I will read here.

Men osynda oqimyn.

I will read here.

Osynda means “here”; oqimyn means “I will read”. This chooses a reading location rather than asking permission to take the book home.

Choose a reading spot and say the sentence while indicating it.

Men qazaqpyn.

I am Kazakh.

The ending -pyn expresses ‘I am’. After the voiceless q, use p; the back vowel a in qazaq calls for y: qazaq + pyn. No separate word for ‘am’ is needed.

Bız üide otyrmyz.

We are sitting at home.

We need a location: ‘where?’ The locative ending -de makes üide, ‘at home’. Use d after i, and the front vowel ü requires the front-vowel form -de.

Men mektepke baramyn.

I am going to school.

The dative ending expresses a destination: ‘to where?’ After voiceless p, with the front vowel e, choose -ke: mektepke means ‘to school’.

Balalar aulada oinap jür.

The children are playing in the yard.

The translation refers to several children, so use the plural. Add -lar after the back vowel a: bala is ‘child’; balalar is ‘children’.

Būl menıñ dosym.

This is my friend.

Menıñ means ‘my’. After a consonant in a word with the back vowel o, add the possessive ending -ym: dosym is ‘my friend’. The ending -yñ would mean ‘your’.

Kıtap üstelde.

The book is on the table.

‘On the table’ is a location, so use -de: üstel + de. The ending -ge would express a destination, rather than where the book is.

Men Qazaqstanda tūramyn.

I live in Kazakhstan.

Qazaqstanda means “in Kazakhstan”: the location takes -da. After n use d, and the back vowel a calls for a in the suffix.

Mäzırdı berıñızşı.

Please give me the menu.

Mäzırdı is the specific menu being requested. Use d after r; the last vowel ı requires -dı rather than -dy.

Būl avtobus vokzalğa bara ma?

Does this bus go to the station?

Vokzalğa gives the destination, “to the station”. After l, with the last vowel a, choose -ğa.

Keşkı sağat altyda kezdesemız.

We will meet at six in the evening.

Sağat altyda gives the time “at six”. Add -da after the vowel y; -ta is not used after a vowel here.

Bız päterde tūramyz.

We live in a flat.

Bız means “we”, so the form is tūramyz. -myz marks first-person plural; -myn would mean “I”.

Men jūmysqa baramyn.

I am going to work.

Jūmysqa means “to work”, a destination. Voiceless s requires q, and the back vowel y calls for -qa.

Aidanamen söilesuge bola ma?

May I speak to Aidana?

Aidanamen means “with Aidana”. A vowel takes -men. This suffix has no back-vowel form -man: its e stays unchanged.

Būl — dosyma.

This is for my friend.

Dosyma means “to my friend”: dos + ym + a. After possessive -ym, the dative ending here is -a, not -ğa.

Bır tünge qalamyn.

I will stay for one night.

Bır tünge means “for one night”. The dative marks the length of the stay here; after n and with ü, use -ge.

Men üşınşı qabatta tūramyn.

I live on the third floor.

Qabatta gives a location, “on the floor”. Voiceless t takes t, and the vowel a requires -ta: qabat + ta.

Menıñ atym — Aleksei.

My name is Alexey.

Atym means “my name”: at + ym. Menıñ atym is a common introduction. The other options do not mean “name”.

Mağan bır kese şai berıñızşı.

Please give me a cup of tea.

Kese is a cup or tea bowl; bır kese şai means a cup of tea. Bötelke is a bottle, kelı a kilogram, and qasyq a spoon.

Kartamen töleuge bola ma?

Can I pay by card?

Kartamen means “by card”: karta + men. The translation specifies card payment; qolma-qol means “in cash”.

Oñğa būrylyñyz.

Turn right.

Oñğa means right, solğa left, artqa back, and tura straight ahead. The translation asks for a right turn.

Tanysqanyma quanyştymyn.

Nice to meet you.

Quanyştymyn expresses pleasure: “I am glad”. Daiynmyn means “I am ready”, and şarşadym means “I am tired”; these send different messages.

Keşırıñız, men tüsınbedım.

Sorry, I did not understand.

Tüsınbedım means “I did not understand”, the negative of tüsınu. Ūmyttym means “I forgot”, and estıdım means “I heard”; neither states a failure to understand.

Bärı öte dämdı boldy.

Everything was delicious.

Dämdı means “tasty”, an assessment of food. Qymbat means expensive, suyq cold, and qiyn difficult.

Chektı berıñızşı.

Please give me the receipt.

Chektı is the receipt being requested. Mäzırdı is a menu, kılttı a key, and qorapty a box; the translation specifically asks for a receipt.

Aialdama qaida?

Where is the bus stop?

Aialdama is a stop. Qaida? asks its location; därıhana means pharmacy, düken shop, and qonaqüi hotel.

Men erteñ bos bolamyn.

I will be free tomorrow.

Erteñ means “tomorrow”. Bügın is today, keşe yesterday, and ärqaşan always; they change the time or frequency of being free.

Menıñ bır balam bar.

I have one child.

Balam means “my child”: bala + m. Bır balam bar states that the speaker has one child; dosym is my friend, kıtabym my book, and ağam my older brother.

Qazır jañbyr jauyp tūr.

It is raining now.

Jañbyr jauyp tūr means “it is raining”. Qar jauyp tūr would describe snow: the construction is similar, but the weather is different.

Keiınırek qoñyrau şalyñyzşy.

Please call back later.

Keiınırek means “later”, postponing the call. Erterek means earlier, while baiauyraq and qattyraq concern speed and volume.

Ainadan körsetıñızşı.

Please show me in the mirror.

Ainadan körsetıñızşı asks to see the result in a mirror. Aina means mirror; tereze is window, esık door, and telefon phone.

Men ızdegen zatty taptym.

I found what I was looking for.

Taptym means “I found”. Izdegen zatty taptym links a search to finding the item; sattym means “I sold”, and joğalttym “I lost”.

Mağan surettı kıtap kerek.

I need a picture book.

Surettı kıtap is a book with pictures. Ülken describes size, qymbat price, and eskı age, not the presence of illustrations.

Correct option: Sız bos uaqytyñyzda ne ısteisız?

Sız bos uaqytyñyzda ne ısteisız?

What do you do in your free time?

Bos uaqytyñyzda means “in your free time”; ne ısteisız means “what do you do”. Demalys künderı erte tūrmaimyn describes your routine rather than asking about your colleague’s interests.

Ask someone this question, or answer it aloud with one sentence you know about free time.

Correct option: They usually go to work by bus.

Ädette jūmysqa avtobuspen baramyn.

I usually go to work by bus.

Ädette means “usually”; avtobuspen means “by bus”. “Usually” allows exceptions, so “always only” makes a stronger claim than the sentence does.

Describe your usual commute, using avtobuspen if it applies to you.

Correct option: kezdestım

Keşe dostarymmen kezdestım.

Yesterday I met my friends.

Kezdestım reports a completed meeting in the first-person singular. Kezdestık means “we met”, while kezdespedım makes it negative.

Use this sentence as a short answer about yesterday.

Correct option: They did not go anywhere.

Men eşqaida barmadym.

I did not go anywhere.

Eşqaida with barmadym means “I did not go anywhere”. The negative past form describes something that did not happen, not an undecided future plan.

Think of a quiet day at home and use the sentence to describe it.

Correct option: Äzırge naqty josparym joq.

Äzırge naqty josparym joq.

I do not have a definite plan yet.

Äzırge means “for now”; naqty josparym joq means “I have no definite plan”. The other replies name specific intentions and do not express uncertainty.

Say this sentence, then ask about the other person’s plans using the lesson’s question.

Correct option: They intend to go on holiday next month.

Kelesı aida demalysqa şyqpaqpyn.

I intend to go on holiday next month.

Kelesı aida means “next month”; şyqpaqpyn expresses an intention. This is not an account of a completed holiday or a reference to next week.

Say the sentence as a possible plan of your own, then repeat kelesı aida separately.

Correct option: Ülkenırek

Ülkenırek ölşemı bar ma?

Do you have a larger size?

Ülkenırek means “larger”; kışırek means “smaller”. A size comparison differs from arzanyraq, “cheaper”: the issue here is fit, not price.

Act out two fitting-room remarks: say it is too tight, then ask for a larger size.

Correct option: This item is cheaper than that one.

Mynauy anauynan arzanyraq.

This one is cheaper than that one.

Arzanyraq means “cheaper”; anauynan supplies the comparison “than that one”. The price is relative to another item; no specific amount is given.

Imagine two products side by side and say the sentence, pointing first to the cheaper one.

Correct option: Aitqanyñyzdy jazyp berıñızşı.

Aitqanyñyzdy jazyp berıñızşı.

Please write down what you said.

Aitqanyñyzdy means “what you said”; jazyp berıñızşı asks someone to write it down for you. Qabyldau qai bölmede bolady? asks for the room again but does not request a written note.

Ask for the information in writing, then repeat the request without reading from the screen.

Correct option: They have been coughing for two days.

Ekı künnen berı jötelıp jürmın.

I have been coughing for two days.

Ekı künnen berı means “for two days up to now”; jötelıp jürmın shows that the coughing continues. This is a duration, not the frequency “twice a day”.

Say the practice sentence, then repeat it with emphasis on the words that give the duration.

Correct option: keiın

Men sağat besten keiın üide bolamyn.

I will be home after five o’clock.

Besten keiın means “after five”. Besten būryn would mean “before five” and point the technician to a different part of the day.

Say when you will be home, then repeat the phrase besten keiın on its own.

Correct option: Send their address in a message.

Mekenjaiymdy habarlamamen jıberemın.

I will send my address in a message.

Mekenjaiymdy means “my address”, habarlamamen means “in a message”, and jıberemın means “I will send”. The sentence promises a message rather than a voice call.

Say the promise to send your address, then repeat Mekenjaiymdy habarlamamen separately.

Correct option: Ökınışke qarai, bügın kele almaimyn.

Ökınışke qarai, bügın kele almaimyn.

Unfortunately, I cannot come today.

Ökınışke qarai softens the refusal; bügın kele almaimyn states that you cannot come today. Basqa künı kezdeseiık proposes another day but does not directly state today’s inability to attend.

Combine the refusal and a suggestion to meet another day into two polite remarks.

Correct option: A suggestion of what to bring along.

Özımmen bırge ne äkeleiın?

What should I bring with me?

Özımmen bırge means “with me”; ne äkeleiın means “what should I bring?”. The question concerns something to bring, not permission to bring another person.

Imagine being invited for tea and ask the host this question aloud.

Correct option: telefonnan

Bilettı telefonnan körsete alamyn ba?

Can I show the ticket on my phone?

Telefonnan here identifies where you show the ticket from: your phone. Planşetten refers to a tablet and would change the device.

Use your phone as a prop and ask the question at an imagined station.

Correct option: Whether a lower berth is available.

Tömengı oryn bar ma?

Is a lower berth available?

Tömengı oryn in a train context means a lower berth. Tömengı does not indicate a lower ticket price here: the question concerns the berth’s position.

Imagine buying a train ticket and ask whether a lower berth is available.

Correct option: Qyzmet aqysyn tüsındırıp berıñızşı.

Qyzmet aqysyn tüsındırıp berıñızşı.

Please explain the service fee.

Qyzmet aqysy means “service fee”; tüsındırıp berıñızşı means “please explain”. Asking about a new card does not clarify the fee that was mentioned.

Say the request calmly and in full, as you would when clarifying an unfamiliar term.

Correct option: Block their card.

Kartamdy būğattağym keledı.

I want to block my card.

Būğattağym keledı expresses a wish to block something. It requests an action rather than confirming that the card has already been blocked.

Say the sentence as a customer’s intention, then explain its meaning in your interface language.

Correct option: kelmeidı

Men nömırımdı auystyrğym kelmeidı.

I do not want to change my number.

Auystyrğym kelmeidı means “I do not want to change”. Auystyrğym keledı has no negative and instead expresses a wish to change the number.

State that you want to keep your number, emphasising kelmeidı.

Correct option: Whether calls are charged separately.

Qoñyrau şalu aqysy bölek eseptele me?

Are calls charged separately?

Qoñyrau şalu aqysy is the charge for calls; bölek means “separately”; eseptele me asks how it is calculated. The sentence does not itself answer whether calls are included.

Use this question to clarify the terms before choosing an imagined mobile plan.

Correct option: Şyğu qaqpasynyñ nömırı özgerdı me?

Şyğu qaqpasynyñ nömırı özgerdı me?

Has the gate number changed?

Şyğu qaqpasynyñ nömırı means “the gate number”; özgerdı me means “has it changed?”. Qaşan bastalady? asks about a start time rather than a gate change.

Ask the question at an imagined airport, then repeat the phrase özgerdı me.

Correct option: They only have hand luggage.

Mende tek qol jügı bar.

I only have hand luggage.

Tek limits the statement to “only”; qol jügı means “hand luggage”. This is neither a claim of having no belongings nor a statement about additional checked baggage.

Imagine travelling with hand luggage only and tell a staff member using this sentence.

Correct option: bölek

Tūzdyqty bölek beruge bola ma?

Can you serve the sauce separately?

Bölek means “separately”; with beruge bola ma it forms a polite question about serving. Bırge means “together” and reverses the request.

Order a familiar dish from an imagined waiter and add the sauce request.

Correct option: Check the dish’s ingredients with the chef.

Qūramyn aspazdan naqtylap sūrañyzşy.

Please check the ingredients with the chef.

Qūramyn means “its ingredients”, aspazdan means “with the chef”, and naqtylap sūrañyzşy asks for clarification. The request is to check the ingredients, not change the dish or provide a recipe.

Say the request, then name in your interface language the person who should be asked.

Correct option: Ekı oryn qatar bolsynşy.

Ekı oryn qatar bolsynşy.

Two seats together, please.

Ekı oryn qatar bolsynşy asks for two seats together. Senbıdegı qoiylymğa ekı bilet kerek specifies quantity and day but does not request adjacent seats.

Combine the request for two Saturday tickets with the request to sit together.

Correct option: The language of the performance.

Qoiylym qai tılde ötedı?

What language is the performance in?

Qai tılde means “in which language”; qoiylym means “performance”. The performance language and the availability of subtitles are separate questions; this sentence does not ask about subtitles.

Think of a play you would like to see and ask the question while imagining buying a ticket.

Correct option: bolğanda

Daiyn bolğanda habarlañyzşy.

Please let me know when it is ready.

Daiyn bolğanda links the notification to the moment the item is ready. Daiyn bolğanşa means “until it is ready” and sets a different time boundary.

Say the notification request, then repeat the time clause Daiyn bolğanda separately.

Correct option: There is a stain on the sleeve.

Jeñınde daq bar.

There is a stain on the sleeve.

Jeñınde means “on its sleeve”; daq means “a stain”. Both the location and the problem matter: “a stain on the collar” changes the first detail.

Point to the sleeve of an imagined coat and describe the stain using this sentence.

Correct option: Özımmen bırge ne alyp keluım kerek?

Özımmen bırge ne alyp keluım kerek?

What do I need to bring with me?

Ne alyp keluım kerek? asks what you need to bring. Bırınşı sabaqta ne ısteimız? asks about the lesson’s activities rather than what to pack.

Ask the question before an imagined first lesson, then repeat it without a prompt.

Correct option: They would like to come twice a week.

Aptasyna ekı ret kelgım keledı.

I would like to come twice a week.

Aptasyna ekı ret means “twice a week”; kelgım keledı means “I would like to come”. A wish is not yet an established schedule or an obligation.

State the wish for two lessons a week and imagine which two days would suit you.

Correct option: köşırmesı

Qūjattyñ köşırmesı jetkılıktı me?

Is a copy of the document sufficient?

Qūjattyñ köşırmesı means “a copy of the document”. Tüpnūsqasy would mean “the original”. Jetkılıktı me asks a question; the sentence does not confirm that a copy will be accepted.

Imagine holding a copy and ask the staff member this question, leaving time for their answer.

Correct option: How to fill in a particular part of the application.

Ötınıştıñ osy bölıgın qalai toltyramyn?

How should I fill in this part of the application?

Ötınıştıñ osy bölıgın means “this part of the application”; qalai toltyramyn means “how do I fill it in?”. The request concerns instructions for a particular section, not obtaining a blank form.

Point to a section of an imagined form and ask the question aloud.

Correct option: künde

Men künde sağat jetıde tūramyn.

I get up at seven every day.

Künde gives a regular frequency. Bügın would refer only to today and would not describe a daily routine.

Describe your morning routine, replacing the time with a number you know.

Correct option: In the evening, I speak Kazakh for ten minutes.

Keşke qazaqşa on minut söilesemın.

In the evening, I speak Kazakh for ten minutes.

Keşke specifies the evening; on minut is a ten-minute duration; söilesemın describes speaking. This is neither lunch with colleagues nor a wake-up time.

Say the sentence as a small language-practice plan for the coming evening.

Correct option: Demalysyñyz qalai öttı?

Demalysyñyz qalai öttı?

How was your weekend?

Qalai öttı? asks how an event went. Öte jaqsy demaldym reports your own rest rather than asking about your colleague’s.

Ask the question, then choose a short answer from the lesson’s phrases.

Correct option: Then we went home.

Sodan keiın üige qaittyq.

Then we went home.

Sodan keiın means “after that”; üige qaittyq means “we went home”. The homeward direction distinguishes it from a walk in the park.

Describe two actions: a walk in the park followed by returning home.

Correct option: aptada

Osy aptada qūjattardy daiyndaimyn.

I will prepare the documents this week.

Osy aptada means “this week”. Osy aida changes the time frame to this month and makes it broader.

State the practice plan about documents, then repeat Osy aptada on its own.

Correct option: First I will make a doctor’s appointment.

Aldymen därıgerge jazylamyn.

First I will make a doctor’s appointment.

Aldymen means “first”; därıgerge jazylamyn means “I will make a doctor’s appointment”. This is arranging a visit rather than saying the appointment has happened.

Say this first step and pause before an imagined continuation of the list.

Correct option: Myna kürtenı kiıp körsem bola ma?

Myna kürtenı kiıp körsem bola ma?

May I try on this jacket?

Kiıp körsem bola ma? requests a fitting. Men osyny alamyn already expresses a decision to buy, skipping the fit check.

Point to an imagined jacket and ask to try it on.

Correct option: I like the colour blue.

Mağan kök tüs ūnaidy.

I like the colour blue.

Kök tüs means “the colour blue”; ūnaidy means “like”. This is a colour preference rather than a final decision to buy a particular item.

State the preference, then replace kök with another colour you know.

Correct option: jazylğym

Därıgerge jazylğym keledı.

I would like to make a doctor’s appointment.

Jazylğym keledı expresses a wish to book an appointment. Barğym keledı is a wish to go and does not itself request a booking.

Begin an imagined conversation at reception with a greeting and this sentence.

Correct option: Which room will the appointment be in?

Qabyldau qai bölmede bolady?

Which room will the appointment be in?

Qai bölmede asks “in which room”. Bos uaqyt bar ma? would check appointment availability rather than the appointment’s location.

Ask the question and imagine receiving a room number in response.

Correct option: Şeberdı şaqyra alasyz ba?

Şeberdı şaqyra alasyz ba?

Can you call a repair technician?

Şeberdı şaqyra alasyz ba? requests a specific action from the other person. İnternet ıstemei tūr only describes a fault.

Combine the statement about the internet not working with the request for a technician.

Correct option: There is no hot water at home.

Üide ystyq su joq.

There is no hot water at home.

Ystyq su means “hot water”; joq marks its absence. The sentence does not say water is running from a tap or that there is no water of any kind.

Say the hot-water message as you would phrase a brief request for help.

Correct option: Basqa

Basqa künı kezdeseiık.

Let’s meet another day.

Basqa künı means “on another day”. Erteñgı künı would already specify tomorrow, which has not been chosen here.

Politely decline for today using a familiar sentence, then add the suggestion to reschedule.

Correct option: Thank you for inviting me.

Şaqyrğanyñyzğa raqmet.

Thank you for inviting me.

Şaqyrğanyñyzğa gives the reason for thanks: the invitation. This is not a Nauryz greeting.

Imagine being invited for tea and thank the host with this sentence.

Correct option: Poiyz sağat neşede jüredı?

Poiyz sağat neşede jüredı?

What time does the train leave?

Sağat neşede jüredı? asks what time the train departs. Asking about a lower berth concerns accommodation, not the timetable.

Ask the question, then repeat it without a prompt, keeping Poiyz in the sentence.

Correct option: I can lift this bag myself.

Men būl sömkenı özım kötere alamyn.

I can lift this bag myself.

Özım means “myself”; kötere alamyn means “I can lift”. The person states their ability rather than asking someone else to carry the bag.

Imagine a light bag and say that you can lift it yourself.

Correct option: nömırıme

Habarlamany telefon nömırıme jıberıñızşı.

Please send a message to my phone number.

Nömırıme means “to my number” and marks the destination. Nömırımnen means “from my number”, marking the source.

Say the request, then contrast nömırıme and nömırımnen aloud.

Correct option: I lost my bank card.

Men bank kartamdy joğaltyp aldym.

I lost my bank card.

Joğaltyp aldym reports a loss that has happened. Kartamdy būğattağym keledı would express a desired next action rather than the loss itself.

Act out two customer remarks: report the loss, then say you want to block the card.

Correct option: Şarttaryn jazbaşa körsete alasyz ba?

Şarttaryn jazbaşa körsete alasyz ba?

Can you show me the terms in writing?

Jazbaşa means “in writing”. Asking about monthly payment checks one amount rather than requesting the written terms.

Ask for the terms in writing and gesture that you want to read them.

Correct option: Will this allowance last a month?

Būl paket bır aiğa jete me?

Will this allowance last a month?

Bır aiğa jete me? asks whether it will last a month. It concerns whether the allowance is sufficient, not the monthly payment amount.

Imagine your usual month of phone use and ask this question.

Correct option: Tereze

Tereze jaqtan oryn aluğa bola ma?

May I have a window seat?

Tereze jaqtan specifies the window side. Dälız would refer to the aisle and change the requested seat position.

Say the request and point to an imagined aircraft window.

Correct option: When does boarding start?

Ūşaqqa otyrğyzu qaşan bastalady?

When does boarding start?

Otyrğyzu means boarding; qaşan bastalady asks when it starts. This is not the departure time or the check-in location.

Ask when boarding starts, then repeat otyrğyzu on its own.

Correct option: Etsız tağam ūsyna alasyz ba?

Etsız tağam ūsyna alasyz ba?

Can you suggest a dish without meat?

Etsız means “without meat”; ūsyna alasyz ba means “can you suggest?”. Asking about ingredients can help, but does not itself request a meat-free recommendation.

Ask the waiter for a suggestion with this sentence and add Raqmet after the imagined reply.

Correct option: Add less salt.

Tūzdy az qosyñyzşy.

Please add less salt.

Az qosyñyzşy asks for a small amount to be added. This means less salt, not no salt at all or sauce served separately.

Say the salt preference after naming a dish you know.

Correct option: ekı

Senbıdegı qoiylymğa ekı bilet kerek.

I need two tickets for Saturday’s performance.

Ekı bilet means “two tickets”. Senbıdegı already specifies Saturday’s performance, so the missing detail is the quantity.

Ask for two Saturday tickets and add the familiar request for seats together.

Correct option: Where can I download the electronic ticket?

Elektrondy bilettı qaidan jükteimın?

Where can I download the electronic ticket?

Elektrondy bilet is an electronic ticket; qaidan jükteimın asks where to download it from. This concerns accessing a ticket rather than finding available seats.

Imagine completing a purchase on your phone and ask about downloading the ticket.

Correct option: Qaşan daiyn bolady?

Qaşan daiyn bolady?

When will it be ready?

Qaşan daiyn bolady? asks when it will be ready. Daiyn bolğanda habarlañyzşy requests a later notification rather than a completion estimate now.

Ask for the completion time, then use another lesson phrase to request a notification.

Correct option: I will keep the receipt.

Tübırtektı saqtap qoiamyn.

I will keep the receipt.

Tübırtektı refers to the receipt; saqtap qoiamyn means “I will keep it”. The customer states their own action rather than requesting another receipt.

Put an imagined receipt in your pocket and say that you will keep it.

Correct option: almaimyn

Men älı jaqsy jüze almaimyn.

I cannot swim well yet.

Jüze almaimyn expresses the speaker’s lack of ability. Jüze alamyn would say the opposite, while almaimyz refers to “we”.

Say the beginner’s sentence and separately practise the pair alamyn — almaimyn.

Correct option: Is there a group for beginners?

Bastauşylarğa arnalğan top bar ma?

Is there a group for beginners?

Bastauşylarğa arnalğan means “intended for beginners”. The sentence checks for a suitable group rather than evening class availability.

Imagine your first call to a swimming pool and ask about a beginners’ group.

Correct option: Daiyn ülgısın körsetıñızşı.

Daiyn ülgısın körsetıñızşı.

Please show me a completed example.

Daiyn ülgısın means a completed example. Qalai toltyramyn asks how to fill something in rather than explicitly asking to see an example.

Ask for an example, then imagine which line you would compare with your draft.

Correct option: Do I need to book an appointment in advance?

Qabyldauğa aldyn ala jazylu kerek pe?

Do I need to book an appointment in advance?

Aldyn ala means “in advance”; jazylu kerek pe asks whether booking is necessary. The question does not itself establish that advance booking is required.

Ask the question before an imagined visit and leave a pause for the staff member’s answer.

Keşe men dükenge bardym.

Yesterday I went to the shop.

Keşe means ‘yesterday’, so we need the past tense. The segment -dy marks the past and -m marks ‘I’: bar + dy + m. Use d after r, and y to match the back vowel a.

Erteñ sen jūmysqa kelesıñ.

Tomorrow you will come to work. (Informal singular ‘you’.)

Sen is informal singular ‘you’, so choose the personal ending -sıñ: kelesıñ. The ending -sız is polite ‘you’; -mın and -mız refer to ‘I’ and ‘we’.

Men dosymmen bırge teatrğa bardym.

I went to the theatre with my friend.

The instrumental ending expresses ‘with whom?’ After m, add -men: dosymmen means ‘with my friend’. Bırge reinforces the meaning ‘together with’.

Bız Astanadan keldık.

We came from Astana.

The translation says ‘from’, identifying the starting point. Add the ablative ending -dan after a: Astanadan. Astanağa would mean ‘to Astana’.

Sız qai qalada tūrasyz?

Which city do you live in? (Polite ‘you’.)

Sız is polite ‘you’. It takes the ending -syz here: tūrasyz. The ending -syñ would address someone informally and does not agree with Sız.

Mağan myna köilek ūnaidy.

I like this dress.

Mağan ... ūnaidy literally means ‘... is pleasing to me’: the dress is the grammatical subject. Use the third-person form ūnaidy: ūna + i + dy, with the back-vowel ending -dy.

Ädette jūmysqa avtobuspen baramyn.

I usually go to work by bus.

Avtobuspen gives the means of transport, “by bus”. Voiceless s takes -pen; its e does not change to y.

Bız saiabaqta seruendedık.

We went for a walk in the park.

Bız requires “we walked”: seruende + dı + k. -dı marks the past and -k means “we”; -dım would mean “I”.

Erteñ emhanağa barmaqpyn.

Tomorrow I intend to go to the clinic.

Barmaqpyn expresses my intention to go: bar + maq + pyn. -pyn means “I”, whereas -pyz in barmaqpyz would mean “we”.

Mynauy anauynan arzanyraq.

This one is cheaper than that one.

Anauynan means “than that one” in the price comparison. The ablative -nan follows anauy here; -na would instead mark a destination.

Menıñ tamağym auyrady.

I have a sore throat.

Menıñ requires “my”: tamaq + ym becomes tamağym. Q changes to ğ before the vowel. -yñ would mean “your”, which does not match menıñ.

Asüidegı krannan su ağyp tūr.

Water is running from the kitchen tap.

Krannan means “from the tap”, the source of the water. After n, the ablative takes -nan/-nen; the last vowel a selects -nan.

Şaqyrğanyñyzğa raqmet.

Thank you for inviting me.

In Şaqyrğanyñyzğa raqmet, the dative identifies what the thanks are for. Use ğ after z; the last vowel y calls for -ğa.

Habarlamany telefon nömırıme jıberıñızşı.

Please send a message to my phone number.

Nömırıme means “to my number”: nömır + ım + e. After possessive -ım, use the dative -e rather than -ge.

Etsız tağam ūsyna alasyz ba?

Can you suggest a dish without meat?

Etsız means “without meat”. The absence suffix -syz/-sız follows vowel harmony: e requires -sız. This differs from the accusative form ettı.

Qandai qūjattardy alyp keluım kerek?

What documents do I need to bring?

Qūjattardy is the documents that need to be brought: qūjat + tar + dy. After r use d, and the back vowel a selects -dy.

Men künde sağat jetıde tūramyn.

I get up at seven every day.

Künde means “every day”, marking a regular action. Keşe means yesterday, erteñ tomorrow, and sirek rarely.

Sodan keiın üige qaittyq.

Then we went home.

Sodan keiın means “after that; then”. Sodan būryn would reverse the sequence to “before that”.

Aldymen därıgerge jazylamyn.

First I will make a doctor’s appointment.

Aldymen means “first”, identifying the first step of a plan. Äzırge means for now, erteñ tomorrow, and keide sometimes.

Ülkenırek ölşemı bar ma?

Do you have a larger size?

Ülkenırek means “larger”: ülken + ırek. Kışırek is smaller, ūzynyraq longer, and qysqaraq shorter.

Demalys künderı erte tūrmaimyn.

I do not get up early at weekends.

Erte tūrmaimyn means “I do not get up early”. Keş means late, jiı often, and qaita again; none conveys an early time.

Demalysyñyz qalai öttı?

How was your weekend?

Qalai öttı? asks how the weekend went. Qaşan asks when, qaida where, and nege why.

Äzırge naqty josparym joq.

I do not have a definite plan yet.

Naqty jospar is a definite, specific plan. Jaña means new, qysqa short, and ülken large; these do not express certainty.

Mağan kök tüs ūnaidy.

I like the colour blue.

Kök tüs means blue in this clothing choice. Qyzyl is red, aq white, and qara black; the translation specifies blue.

Qabyldau qai bölmede bolady?

Which room will the appointment be in?

Qai bölmede? means “in which room?”. Qalada would mean in the city, aulada in the courtyard, and dükende in the shop.

Üide ystyq su joq.

There is no hot water at home.

Ystyq su is hot water. Suyq means cold, taza clean, and tūşşy fresh rather than salty; no hot water does not mean no water at all.

Quana kelemın.

I would love to come.

Quana kelemın means “I will gladly come”. Erteñ and keş give a time, while äreñ indicates difficulty; none expresses a pleased acceptance.

Men būl sömkenı özım kötere alamyn.

I can lift this bag myself.

Kötere alamyn means “I can lift”. Tastai alamyn is can throw, sata alamyn can sell, and jasyra alamyn can hide: different actions involving the bag.

Şarttaryn jazbaşa körsete alasyz ba?

Can you show me the terms in writing?

Jazbaşa means “in writing”, the format of the terms. Auyzşa is orally, qysqaşa briefly, and keiınırek later; brevity alone does not make something written.

Mende tek qol jügı bar.

I only have hand luggage.

Tek means “only”: the speaker limits their luggage to hand luggage. Tağy adds “also/more” instead of restricting the list.

Elektrondy bilettı qaidan jükteimın?

Where can I download the electronic ticket?

Elektrondy bilettı jükteimın means “download the electronic ticket”. Jıberemın is send, basyp şyğaramyn print, and satamyn sell: downloading and printing are different actions.

Tübırtektı saqtap qoiamyn.

I will keep the receipt.

Saqtap qoiamyn means “I will keep it”. Jyrtyp qoiamyn would mean tear it, laqtyryp discard it, and jasyryp hide it; these do not express keeping the receipt for later use.

Correct option: Aldymen jürgızuşıge habarlasuğa tyrystym.

Aldymen jürgızuşıge habarlasuğa tyrystym.

First, I tried to contact the driver.

Aldymen means “first”, and habarlasuğa tyrystym means “tried to contact”. Saying that the bag was found reports the outcome, not the first action.

Think of a minor everyday problem and say one sentence about your first action, starting with “Aldymen”.

Correct option: When they got home.

Üige kelgen kezde sömkemnıñ joq ekenın baiqadym.

When I got home, I noticed that my bag was missing.

Üige kelgen kezde gives the moment: “when I got home”. A call to the driver is not mentioned, so it cannot be added to the sequence.

Describe when you noticed something recently, using “… kezde … baiqadym”.

Correct option: qarağanda

Būl päter aldyñğysyna qarağanda jaryğyraq.

This apartment is brighter than the previous one.

Aldyñğysyna qarağanda means “compared with the previous one”. Deiın expresses a limit, “until/up to”, rather than comparing how bright the apartments are.

Compare two familiar places on one feature using “qarağanda”.

Correct option: Whether utility bills are included in the rent.

Jaldau aqysyna kommunaldyq tölemder kıre me?

Are utility bills included in the rent?

Kıre me? asks “are they included?”, and jaldau aqysyna refers to the rent. The question does not ask about a payment date or a deposit.

Before buying a service, ask whether one extra service that matters to you is included in the price.

Correct option: Qai bölıgıne basymdyq bergenım dūrys?

Qai bölıgıne basymdyq bergenım dūrys?

Which part should I prioritize?

Basymdyq beru means “give priority”. Asking about the format also clarifies the task, but does not identify which part to start with.

Name two real tasks and ask aloud which one should take priority.

Correct option: Whether they need to send the report today.

Dūrys tüsındım be: eseptı bügın jıberuım kerek pe?

Have I understood correctly: do I need to send the report today?

Bügın means “today”, and jıberuım kerek pe? asks about the speaker’s obligation to send it. Dūrys tüsındım be checks understanding; it does not say that sending has already happened.

Check your understanding of an imagined assignment, starting with “Dūrys tüsındım be”.

Correct option: auystyryp

Osyny basqa tauarğa auystyryp bere alasyz ba?

Can you exchange this for another item?

Basqa tauarğa auystyryp beru means exchanging it for another item. Qaitaryp beru means returning something, which does not itself request a replacement item.

Ask to exchange an imagined purchase and name the replacement you would prefer.

Correct option: When a reply from the shop can be expected.

Jauabyñyzdy qaşan kütuge bolady?

When can I expect your reply?

Jauabyñyzdy means “your reply”: the timing concerns a response, not delivery. Qaşan kütuge bolady? clarifies expectations without setting a deadline unilaterally.

Imagine an unresolved service request and politely ask when you can expect a reply.

Correct option: Keşıgetın bolsam, aldyn ala habarlaimyn.

Keşıgetın bolsam, aldyn ala habarlaimyn.

If I am running late, I will let you know in advance.

Keşıgetın bolsam sets the condition “if I am running late”; habarlaimyn is your promise to notify. Mağan jazyñyzşy instead asks the other person to message you.

Make a short personal promise to give notice about one possible change of plans.

Correct option: When all participants agree.

Barlyğy kelısken jağdaida biletterdı alamyz.

If everyone agrees, we will buy the tickets.

Barlyğy means “everyone”, and kelısken jağdaida means “provided they agree”. Kelısu means agreement, so agreement cannot be replaced by physical arrival.

Name an action you would take only after everyone agrees, and state that condition.

Correct option: jıbersem

Qate jıbersem, tüzetıp otyryñyzşy.

If I make mistakes, please correct me.

Qate jıbersem means “if I make a mistake”: -se marks the condition and -m the first person. Jıbermesem means “if I do not make one”, reversing the condition.

Ask a language partner for one way of correcting mistakes that works well for you.

Correct option: Known words are difficult to recall quickly during conversation.

Sözderdı bılemın, bıraq söilegende tez esıme tüspeidı.

I know the words, but I cannot recall them quickly when speaking.

Sözderdı bılemın explicitly says the words are known. Söilegende tez esıme tüspeidı identifies the difficulty: retrieving them quickly while speaking.

Describe one learning difficulty in two parts: what you can already do and what remains difficult.

Correct option: Degenmen, şyğyndy da eskeru kerek.

Degenmen, şyğyndy da eskeru kerek.

However, we also need to consider the costs.

Degenmen introduces a qualification, while şyğyndy da means “the costs as well”. Supporting a proposal because it saves time gives a different argument and does not raise costs.

State one benefit of a city proposal, then add one limitation using “Degenmen”.

Correct option: More frequent public transport services.

Qoğamdyq kölık jiı jürse, tūrğyndarğa yñğaily bolady.

If public transport runs frequently, it will be convenient for residents.

Jiı jürse means “if it runs frequently”. This is a condition about convenience; it does not say the current service is already frequent or discuss fares.

Suggest one neighbourhood improvement in the form “If…, residents will…”.

Correct option: aitty

Ärıptesım kezdesudıñ keiınge qalğanyn aitty.

My colleague said that the meeting had been postponed.

Aitty means “said”, while aitady normally means “says/will say”. Qalğanyn presents the content of the report: that the meeting was postponed.

Report one recent message from a colleague or acquaintance using “… aitty”.

Correct option: The new meeting time.

Onyñ aituynşa, jaña uaqyt erteñ belgılı bolady.

According to them, the new time will be known tomorrow.

Jaña uaqyt erteñ belgılı bolady says the new time will become known tomorrow. It does not mean the meeting itself is tomorrow: erteñ refers to when information becomes available.

Report a detail that is not yet known and say when it will become available.

Correct option: Üide oğan qalai kömektese alamyn?

Üide oğan qalai kömektese alamyn?

How can I help them at home?

Üide means “at home”, and kömektese alamyn? means “can I help?”. Asking the teacher to explain an assignment again concerns their explanation; this question concerns your support at home.

Ask how you can help someone close to you, specifying a place or type of support.

Correct option: The child is spending more time preparing.

Balamnyñ sabaqqa daiyndaluğa köbırek uaqyt jūmsaitynyn baiqadym.

I have noticed that my child is spending more time preparing for lessons.

Köbırek uaqyt jūmsaitynyn baiqadym reports time spent. Grades and the cause of the change are not mentioned, so improved grades would be an unsupported addition.

Describe one observable change in a habit without guessing its cause.

Correct option: bılsem

Mındetterdı aldyn ala bılsem, jaqsy daiyndalamyn.

If I know my responsibilities in advance, I will prepare well.

Bılsem expresses “if I know/find out”. Bıldım reports past knowledge, while bılmesem means not knowing; neither expresses the intended condition.

Tell an organiser what information you need in advance in order to prepare.

Correct option: Three hours on Saturday.

Men senbı künı üş sağat böle alamyn.

I can spare three hours on Saturday.

Senbı künı specifies the day and üş sağat the duration. Böle alamyn states the time available, not a promise to be free all day.

Name a real day and the amount of time you could contribute to a shared activity.

Correct option: Jöndeudı bastamas būryn qūnyn kelısıp alaiyq.

Jöndeudı bastamas būryn qūnyn kelısıp alaiyq.

Let’s agree on the cost before starting the repair.

Bastamas būryn means “before starting”; qūnyn kelısıp alaiyq proposes agreeing on the cost. Asking to see an old part does not establish a price or the order of approval.

Before an imagined paid service, state one condition you want agreed before it starts.

Correct option: When turning right.

Dybys oñğa būrylğanda estıledı.

The sound occurs when turning right.

Oñğa būrylğanda means “when turning right”. Direction matters when describing the symptom; the sentence does not say the noise is constant.

Describe a minor technical fault and name the action during which it appears.

Correct option: daiyndaiyn

Men şaqyru habarlamasyn daiyndaiyn.

Let me prepare the invitation message.

Daiyndaiyn offers your own action: “let me prepare it”. Daiyndañyz asks or tells another person to prepare it.

Volunteer for one small task, starting your offer with “Men …”.

Correct option: The day before the event.

Bärı daiyn ekenın bır kün būryn tekseremız.

We will check that everything is ready the day before.

Bır kün būryn means “one day before”. Tekseremız refers to checking readiness, so this is not the event’s start time.

Name one check you will make before your next important event and state when.

Correct option: Qūrylğyny qaita qosyp kördım, bıraq kömektespedı.

Qūrylğyny qaita qosyp kördım, bıraq kömektespedı.

I tried restarting the device, but it did not help.

Qaita qosyp kördım reports an attempted restart; bıraq kömektespedı reports that it failed to help. Describing frequent interruptions does not answer whether a restart was tried.

Name one solution you tried for an everyday problem and describe its result.

Correct option: The connection has been cutting out frequently over the last two days.

Soñğy ekı künde internet jiı üzılıp qalady.

The internet has been cutting out frequently over the last two days.

Soñğy ekı künde specifies the last two days and jiı indicates repetition. Üzılıp qalady describes interruptions, not a continuous complete loss of service.

Describe a fault using two details: when it began and how often it recurs.

Correct option: ornyna

Maionez bolmasa, ornyna airan qosuğa bolady.

If there is no mayonnaise, you can add ayran instead.

Ornyna indicates replacement, “in its place”. Bırge means together, rather than replacing an ingredient that is unavailable.

Name an available substitute for one ingredient and suggest it using “ornyna”.

Correct option: Then put everything into one container.

Sodan keiın bärın bır ydysqa salyñyz.

Then put everything in one bowl.

Sodan keiın means “then”, and bärın bır ydysqa means “everything into one container”. The step specifies sequence and a shared container; it does not yet mention serving.

Explain two consecutive steps of a familiar task, linking them with “Sodan keiın”.

Correct option: Tüpnūsqa ma, älde köşırme me?

Tüpnūsqa ma, älde köşırme me?

Is this the original or a replica?

Tüpnūsqa and köşırme are the two alternatives: original and copy. Asking about its period dates the object but does not establish authenticity.

Create one clarifying question with two alternatives linked by “älde”.

Correct option: The guide’s account.

Ekskursovodtyñ aituynşa, būl zat osy öñırden tabylğan.

According to the guide, this object was found in this region.

Ekskursovodtyñ aituynşa explicitly attributes the information to the guide. The sentence does not make the speaker an eyewitness to the discovery.

Retell one fact while explicitly naming the person you learned it from.

Correct option: üşın

Qolaisyzdyqty tüzetu üşın bügın özım keleiın.

To make up for the inconvenience, let me come to you myself today.

Tüzetu üşın means “in order to put it right”. Üşın explains the purpose of your visit; keiın would express “after”, not the intention.

After a short apology, offer a specific action to put the situation right.

Correct option: They entered the meeting time incorrectly in the calendar.

Kezdesu uaqytyn küntızbege qate jazyppyn.

It turns out I entered the meeting time incorrectly in my calendar.

Qate jazyppyn reports a discovered recording error, and kezdesu uaqytyn identifies what was recorded: the meeting time. It does not claim the meeting was postponed or cancelled.

Explain one minor mistake in the first person and say how you will prevent it recurring.

Correct option: avtobusta

Keşe avtobusta sömkemdı ūmytyp kettım.

Yesterday I left my bag on the bus.

Avtobusta answers “where?”. Avtobusqa marks movement into the bus, while avtobuspen describes transport rather than the location of the forgotten bag.

Use the sentence to begin a story, separating when, where and what happened.

Correct option: Luckily, my bag was found.

Baqytyma qarai, sömkem tabyldy.

Luckily, my bag was found.

Tabyldy means “was found”; baqytyma qarai means “luckily”. This is a positive outcome rather than another report of the loss.

Combine the sentence about leaving the bag behind with this ending into a two-sentence story.

Correct option: Şeşım qabyldamas būryn tağy bır päterdı körgım keledı.

Şeşım qabyldamas būryn tağy bır päterdı körgım keledı.

Before making a decision, I want to see one more apartment.

Qabyldamas būryn means “before making”; tağy bır päter means “one more flat”. A high price with a convenient location evaluates an option without requesting another viewing.

Say the sentence to an imagined viewing agent and separately repeat Şeşım qabyldamas būryn.

Correct option: The price is high, but the location is convenient.

Bağasy joğary, bıraq ornalasqan jerı yñğaily.

The price is high, but the location is convenient.

Bıraq links a contrast: the price is high, but the location is convenient. The sentence does not claim that the price is low.

Describe the two features of an imagined flat, connecting this ready-made pair with bıraq.

Correct option: bır

Būl tapsyrmany oryndauğa bır kün qajet.

This task takes one day to complete.

Bır kün qajet says that one day is needed. This is a duration estimate rather than a promise to finish at a particular clock time.

Imagine a familiar task and state this full duration estimate.

Correct option: I will let you know when it is ready.

Daiyn bolğan soñ sızge habarlaimyn.

I will let you know when it is ready.

Daiyn bolğan soñ means “once it is ready”. Habarlaimyn promises a message without guaranteeing a particular completion time.

Say the promise to a colleague, then practise bolğan soñ as a connected chunk.

Correct option: Mäselenı qalai şeşe alamyz?

Mäselenı qalai şeşe alamyz?

How can we resolve the problem?

Qalai şeşe alamyz? means “how can we resolve it?”; alamyz includes both sides. Mentioning the receipt proves the purchase without moving the discussion towards a solution.

Ask the question calmly after briefly describing an imagined problem.

Correct option: When I opened the packaging, I noticed a defect.

Qaptamany aşqanda aqaudy baiqadym.

When I opened the packaging, I noticed a defect.

Aşqanda links the discovery to opening the packaging; aqaudy baiqadym means “I noticed a defect”. A different product colour is a separate complaint; this sentence does not specify the type of defect.

Say the sentence while imagining opening the box, then emphasise aşqanda.

Correct option: Eger

Eger jañbyr jausa, üide kezdesemız.

If it rains, we will meet at home.

Eger ... jausa connects a condition with its result. Sondyqtan means “therefore” and does not introduce a hypothetical condition.

Say both clauses with a short pause after jausa, then state what happens if it rains.

Correct option: If the plan changes, please message me.

Jospar özgerse, mağan jazyñyzşy.

If the plan changes, please message me.

Jospar özgerse means “if the plan changes”; mağan jazyñyzşy means “please message me”. This asks for an update rather than ordering a change of plan.

Use this request for updates to finish arranging a meeting.

Correct option: Mağan ne ūsynar edıñız?

Mağan ne ūsynar edıñız?

What would you recommend for me?

Ūsynar edıñız forms a polite “what would you recommend?”. Kün saiyn azdap jattyqqan dūrys already gives advice rather than asking for it.

Name a learning difficulty in your interface language, then ask for advice in Kazakh.

Correct option: I learned three new expressions from today’s conversation.

Bügıngı äñgımeden üş jaña tırkes üirendım.

I learned three new expressions from today’s conversation.

Üş jaña tırkes means “three new expressions”; üirendım reports completed learning. This is a result of today’s conversation, not advice about revisiting a topic.

Choose three useful lesson expressions, say them, then use this sentence to reflect on them.

Correct option: öitkenı

Men būl ūsynysty qoldaimyn, öitkenı ol uaqytty ünemdeidı.

I support this proposal because it saves time.

Öitkenı introduces the reason for support. Sondyqtan introduces a consequence and would change the direction of the connection.

State the position and reason with a pause before öitkenı, then say it fluently.

Correct option: For example, in the evening you have to wait a long time for a bus.

Mysaly, keşke avtobusty ūzaq kütuge tura keledı.

For example, in the evening you have to wait a long time for a bus.

Ūzaq kütuge tura keledı means “have to wait a long time”. Keşke limits the example to the evening; it does not make an all-day claim.

Give this example and emphasise Mysaly as the transition from an opinion to an example.

Correct option: Būl aqparatty qaidan aldyñyz?

Būl aqparatty qaidan aldyñyz?

Where did you get this information?

Qaidan aldyñyz? asks where something was obtained. Men negızgı oidy ... aityp bereiın offers a summary without checking where the information came from.

Practise asking this question after hearing some imagined news from an acquaintance.

Correct option: If they understood correctly, they were advised to wait for now.

Dūrys tüsınsem, bızge äzırge kütudı ūsyndy.

If I understood correctly, they suggested that we wait for now.

Dūrys tüsınsem marks possible uncertainty in understanding. Kütudı ūsyndy means “they suggested waiting”, not an order or the speaker’s own new proposal.

Retell the sentence, giving particular attention to the opening Dūrys tüsınsem.

Correct option: Kelesı

Kelesı aptada nätijesın bırge talqylaiyq.

Let’s discuss the result together next week.

Kelesı aptada means “next week”. Osy aptada means this week and would change the agreed timing.

Say the suggestion and mark next week in an imagined calendar.

Correct option: I also want to acknowledge their strengths.

Onyñ jaqsy jaqtaryn da atap ötkım keledı.

I also want to acknowledge their strengths.

Jaqsy jaqtaryn means strengths; da means “also”. This adds positive observations rather than asking about difficult topics.

Say the opening sentence, then name one real strength in whichever language you can.

Correct option: Qatysuşylardy tırkeuge kömektese alamyn.

Qatysuşylardy tırkeuge kömektese alamyn.

I can help with participant registration.

Tırkeuge kömektese alamyn names the help and your ability to provide it. Erıktı retınde qatysqym keledı expresses a general wish to volunteer without specifying this task.

Offer help with registration, then ask the familiar question about the contact person.

Correct option: I would like to take part in the event as a volunteer.

Is-şarağa erıktı retınde qatysqym keledı.

I would like to take part in the event as a volunteer.

Erıktı retınde means “as a volunteer”; qatysqym keledı expresses a wish to participate. A specific registration duty has not yet been named.

Imagine an event you would like to help with and say this sentence to express interest.

Correct option: Aldymen

Aldymen tekserıp, sebebın anyqtasañyz.

Please check it and identify the cause first.

Aldymen means “first”. Soñynda means “at the end” and would put diagnosis at the opposite stage.

Say the request to a technician and highlight the first step with Aldymen.

Correct option: Can you show me the old part?

Eskı bölşektı körsetıp bere alasyz ba?

Can you show me the old part?

Eskı bölşektı means “the old part”; körsetıp bere alasyz ba requests a view of it. This is not a question about which part needs replacing.

Ask to see the old part, then repeat the chunk Eskı bölşektı körsetıp.

Correct option: Sız muzykağa jauap bere alasyz ba?

Sız muzykağa jauap bere alasyz ba?

Can you be responsible for the music?

Muzykağa jauap beru here means being responsible for music. Asking about guest numbers concerns planning rather than assigning this role.

Address an imagined person by name and ask them to be responsible for music.

Correct option: Let’s calculate the costs in advance.

Şyğyndy aldyn ala eseptep şyğaiyq.

Let’s calculate the costs in advance.

Şyğyndy means costs; aldyn ala means in advance; eseptep şyğaiyq suggests calculating together. This is not counting guests.

Suggest calculating costs, then name two expense categories in your interface language.

Correct option: keşkı

Mäsele äsırese keşkı uaqytta baiqalady.

The problem is especially noticeable in the evenings.

Keşkı uaqytta means “in the evening”. Tüngı refers to the night; the time window should be reported accurately.

Report the observation, emphasising äsırese keşkı uaqytta.

Correct option: Is the cause of the fault known?

Aqaudyñ sebebı belgılı me?

Is the cause of the fault known?

Sebebı means cause; belgılı me asks whether it is known. This neither requests a support reference number nor asserts that the cause has been found.

Ask the question, then practise pausing for an answer rather than guessing the cause.

Correct option: Aldymen kökönısterdı juyp alyñyz.

Aldymen kökönısterdı juyp alyñyz.

First, wash the vegetables.

Juyp alyñyz means “wash”; Aldymen marks the first step. Ūsaqtap turañyz moves to chopping and skips the action requested here.

Say the first step, then add the lesson’s ready-made chopping instruction.

Correct option: Finely chop the cucumbers and tomatoes.

Qiar men qyzanaqty ūsaqtap turañyz.

Finely chop the cucumbers and tomatoes.

Qiar men qyzanaq means cucumbers and tomatoes; ūsaqtap means finely. Replacing this with large pieces changes the method.

Explain this step aloud while using a gesture to suggest fine chopping.

Correct option: qai

Ol qai kezeñge jatady?

Which period does it belong to?

Qai kezeñge asks “to which period”. Osy kezeñge means “to this period”, specifying a period instead of asking for one.

Point to an imagined exhibit and ask the guide this question.

Correct option: I was interested in the way it was made.

Mağan onyñ jasalu täsılı qyzyq boldy.

I was interested in the way it was made.

Jasalu täsılı means the method of making; qyzyq boldy expresses interest. This reacts to how the item was made rather than asking how it was used.

Think of an interesting object and say that its method of making interested you.

Correct option: Habarlamañyzğa keş jauap bergenım üşın keşırım sūraimyn.

Habarlamañyzğa keş jauap bergenım üşın keşırım sūraimyn.

I apologize for replying late to your message.

Keş jauap bergenım üşın gives the reason for apologising: a late reply. Sızdı küttırıp qoiğanymdy tüsınemın acknowledges the wait but does not itself apologise.

Say the apology, then add one short useful remark about the matter at hand.

Correct option: Next time, I will confirm the time in advance.

Kelesı joly uaqytyn aldyn ala rastaimyn.

Next time, I will confirm the time in advance.

Kelesı joly means “next time”; aldyn ala rastaimyn means “I will confirm in advance”. This is a personal future promise, not a request for the other person’s availability.

Say the promise after an apology and imagine when you will send the confirmation.

Eger uaqyt bolsa, men sızge kömektesemın.

If there is time, I will help you.

Eger ... bolsa already expresses the condition. The subject of the main clause is men, ‘I’, so choose -mın: kömektesemın. Sızge means ‘to you’ and does not determine the verb's person.

Eger jañbyr jausa, bız üide qalamyz.

If it rains, we will stay at home.

The conditional ending -sa/-se means ‘if’. The stem jau- contains the back vowel a, so choose -sa: jañbyr jausa means ‘if it rains’.

Men būl kıtapty oqyp otyrmyn.

I am reading this book now.

For an action in progress, combine a form in -p/-yp/-ıp with otyrmyn. The stem oqy- ends in a vowel, so add only -p: oqyp otyrmyn, ‘I am reading’.

Mūğalım oquşyğa jauap berdı.

The teacher answered the pupil.

With jauap beru, mark the person receiving the answer with the dative. Add -ğa after the back vowel y: oquşyğa means ‘to the pupil’. The ending -dan would mean ‘from the pupil’.

Būl päter ana päterden ülkenırek.

This flat is larger than that flat.

We are comparing two flats. Add the comparative suffix -ırek to ülken: ülkenırek means ‘larger’. Päterden marks the comparison: ‘than that flat’.

Üige kırer aldynda, aiaqkiımıñızdı şeşıñız.

Before entering the house, take off your shoes.

Kırer aldynda means ‘before entering’. Add the participle suffix -er to kır-, matching the front vowel ı. Here the suffix works together with aldynda, ‘before’.

Üige kelgen kezde sömkemnıñ joq ekenın baiqadym.

When I got home, I noticed that my bag was missing.

Sömkemnıñ joq ekenın means “that my bag is missing”. Sömkem takes genitive -nıñ: use n after m, with ı for the front vowel e.

Mağan mañyzdysy — jūmysyma jaqyn tūru.

What matters to me is living close to work.

Jūmysyma jaqyn means “close to my work”. Jūmys + ym + a: possessive -ym takes dative -a here; jaqyn identifies the relation of proximity.

Būl tapsyrmany oryndauğa bır kün qajet.

This task takes one day to complete.

Oryndauğa bır kün qajet means “one day is needed to complete it”. The -u action noun takes dative -ğa, linking the required time to the action.

Qaptamany aşqanda aqaudy baiqadym.

When I opened the packaging, I noticed a defect.

Aşqanda means “when I opened”: aş + qan + da. Locative -da after the participle gives the time of noticing the defect; -nan without keiın does not express that relation.

Jospar özgerse, mağan jazyñyzşy.

If the plan changes, please message me.

Özgerse means “if it changes”, a condition. The vowel e in the stem selects -se; özgerdı would report a change that already happened.

Bügıngı äñgımeden üş jaña tırkes üirendım.

I learned three new expressions from today’s conversation.

Äñgımeden means “from the conversation”, the source of the new expressions. Use d after a vowel, and e requires -den.

Qoğamdyq kölık jiı jürse, tūrğyndarğa yñğaily bolady.

If public transport runs frequently, it will be convenient for residents.

Tūrğyndarğa yñğaily means “convenient for residents”. Dative -ğa follows plural -dar: tūrğyn + dar + ğa.

Tapsyrmany oryndau jolyn tağy bır ret tüsındırıp berseñız.

Could you explain how to do the assignment once more?

Berseñız contains -se and polite personal -ñız. In this request the conditional softens the address to the other person; bersem would refer to “I”.

Kölıkten būryn bolmağan dybys şyğa bastady.

The car has started making a sound that was not there before.

Kölıkten means “from the car”, the source of the sound. Voiceless k requires t, and the last vowel ı calls for -ten.

Aldymen kökönısterdı juyp alyñyz.

First, wash the vegetables.

Juyp alyñyz is a polite instruction to wash. After the consonant in al, add -yñyz; -ıñız is used with a front-vowel stem.

Osy jağdaidan keiın zattarymdy mūqiat tekseremın.

Since that incident, I check my belongings carefully.

Mūqiat means “carefully”, describing how the belongings are checked. Sirek and keide describe frequency; ädeiı means deliberately.

Merzımdı naqtylap alaiyq.

Let’s clarify the deadline.

Merzımdı naqtylau means “to clarify the deadline”. Nätije is a result, bağa a price or rating, and mekenjai an address.

Men būl ūsynysty qoldaimyn, öitkenı ol uaqytty ünemdeidı.

I support this proposal because it saves time.

Öitkenı introduces a reason: I support the proposal because it saves time. Sondyqtan introduces a result, bıraq a contrast, and äitpese means otherwise.

Men negızgı oidy qysqaşa aityp bereiın.

Let me briefly summarize the main point.

Qysqaşa means “briefly”: the speaker offers a short summary of the main point. Tolyq means fully, keiın later, and qaita again.

Keşe avtobusta sömkemdı ūmytyp kettım.

Yesterday I left my bag on the bus.

Ūmytyp kettım means “I forgot, leaving it behind”. Joğaltyp kettım would report losing it, while ūrlap refers to stealing: these describe different reasons for the missing bag.

Bağasy joğary, bıraq ornalasqan jerı yñğaily.

The price is high, but the location is convenient.

Ornalasqan jerı yñğaily describes the location as convenient. Qymbat means expensive, alys distant, and qarañğy dark.

Nätije qandai formatta boluy kerek?

What format should the result be in?

Qandai formatta? asks about the result’s format. Bölmede and qalada would ask about a place, uaqytta a time; these do not specify how the result should be presented.

Satyp alğanymdy rastaityn chek bar.

I have a receipt confirming the purchase.

Rastaityn chek is a receipt that confirms the purchase. Rastau means confirm; jasyru means conceal, özgertu change, and ūmyttyru make someone forget.

Barlyğy kelısken jağdaida biletterdı alamyz.

If everyone agrees, we will buy the tickets.

Barlyğy means “everyone”: buying the tickets depends on everyone agreeing. Keibırı means some, ekeuı two, and bıreuı one; these are smaller groups.

Kün saiyn azdap jattyqqan dūrys.

It is better to practise a little every day.

Azdap means “a little at a time”, a modest amount of practice. Kün saiyn already gives a daily frequency; sirek would mean rarely and köp a lot.

Degenmen, şyğyndy da eskeru kerek.

However, we also need to consider the costs.

Şyğyndy eskeru means considering costs. Paidany is the benefit and uaqytty the time; these may matter too, but the translation specifically raises costs.

Būl aqparatty qaidan aldyñyz?

Where did you get this information?

Aqparatty qaidan aldyñyz? asks for the source of information. Şaqyrudy is an invitation, bilettı a ticket, and kömektı help; they change what the question is about.

Is-şarağa erıktı retınde qatysqym keledı.

I would like to take part in the event as a volunteer.

Erıktı retınde means “as a volunteer”. Retınde introduces a role; jetekşı is a leader, körermen a spectator, and jattyqtyruşy a coach.

Qonaqtardyñ naqty sanyn bılıp alaiyq.

Let’s find out the exact number of guests.

Naqty san is the exact number of guests. Boljamdy means estimated and eñ az the smallest; an estimate does not convey the requested precision.

Mäsele äsırese keşkı uaqytta baiqalady.

The problem is especially noticeable in the evenings.

Äsırese means “especially”: the problem is more noticeable in the evening. Tek would mean “only” and exclude other times, which the sentence does not do.

Ekskursovodtyñ aituynşa, būl zat osy öñırden tabylğan.

According to the guide, this object was found in this region.

Osy öñırden identifies this region as the place the object was found. Dükennen means from a shop, üiden from a home, and mūrajaidan from a museum; those places are not stated.

Correct option: Aldymen nätijesı ölşenetın şağyn joba jürgızudı ūsynar edım.

Aldymen nätijesı ölşenetın şağyn joba jürgızudı ūsynar edım.

I would suggest running a small project with measurable results first.

Aldymen and şağyn joba establish a staged approach; nätijesı ölşenetın requires a measurable result. A statement about possible long-term benefits assesses prospects but does not propose a test.

Propose a small trial for one idea and name a measure you would use to assess its result.

Correct option: High costs do not rule out possible long-term benefits.

Şyğyn köp bolğanyna qaramastan, ūzaq merzımdı paidasy boluy mümkın.

Despite the high costs, there may be long-term benefits.

Bolğanyna qaramastan introduces “despite”, while boluy mümkın keeps the benefit possible rather than guaranteed. A firm promise of benefits would overstate the sentence.

Name one drawback and one possible benefit of a decision, keeping the benefit tentative with “boluy mümkın”.

Correct option: azaitqan

Kölemın azaitqan jağdaida jūmysty jūmağa deiın aiaqtai alamyz.

If we reduce the scope, we can finish the work by Friday.

Kölemın azaitqan jağdaida ties the deadline to a reduced scope. Saqtağan would mean keeping the scope unchanged, turning the conditional commitment into a different promise.

State a realistic commitment: what you can complete by a deadline, and under what condition.

Correct option: Reconsider the deadline while maintaining quality.

Sapany saqtai otyryp, merzımdı qaita qaraudy ūsynamyn.

I suggest revising the deadline while maintaining quality.

Sapany saqtai otyryp means maintaining quality while reviewing the deadline. It does not permit a poorer result in order to keep the original date.

Propose changing one parameter of a plan while explicitly naming another that must be preserved.

Correct option: Qoldağy mälımet jetkılıksız bolğandyqtan, naqty aita almaimyn.

Qoldağy mälımet jetkılıksız bolğandyqtan, naqty aita almaimyn.

Since the available information is insufficient, I cannot say for certain.

Jetkılıksız bolğandyqtan gives the reason, and naqty aita almaimyn limits your own conclusion. Calling someone else’s claim a hypothesis would judge its status, which the context does not establish.

Say what is missing for a confident answer to a practical question and what information you would seek.

Correct option: One example is insufficient for a general conclusion.

Bır mysalğa qarap jalpy qorytyndy jasauğa bolmaidy.

You cannot draw a general conclusion from a single example.

Bır mysalğa qarap concerns the basis for a general conclusion. The sentence does not ban examples altogether; it limits generalisation from a single case.

Give one personal example and add a qualification explaining why it does not represent everyone’s experience.

Correct option: bolsa da

Būl täsıl paidaly bolsa da, barlyq adamğa bırdei säikes kelmeidı.

Although this method is useful, it is not equally suitable for everyone.

Paidaly bolsa da acknowledges usefulness before adding a limitation. Bolğandyqtan would create a causal link, as if usefulness itself caused the lack of universal suitability.

Respectfully qualify one broad claim: acknowledge a strength, then name an exception.

Correct option: The way the proposal would be implemented.

Menıñ kümänım ūsynystyñ özıne emes, ony ıske asyru jolyna qatysty.

My doubts concern how the proposal would be implemented, rather than the proposal itself.

Özıne emes … jolyna qatysty distinguishes the proposal itself from its implementation. An answer about personal qualities shifts criticism to a person, which the sentence does not do.

Choose an idea you broadly support and state one concern specifically about how it would be carried out.

Correct option: Är ūsynysty qūny, paidasy jäne oryndalu mümkındıgı boiynşa bağalaiyq.

Är ūsynysty qūny, paidasy jäne oryndalu mümkındıgı boiynşa bağalaiyq.

Let’s assess each proposal by its cost, benefits and feasibility.

Qūny, paidasy jäne oryndalu mümkındıgı are three explicit assessment criteria. A residents’ survey gathers views but does not itself establish this comparison framework.

Take two options for an everyday decision and compare them aloud by cost, benefit and feasibility.

Correct option: Check again whether there is a result.

Bır aidan keiın nätije bar-joğyn qaita qaraimyz.

In a month, we will check again to see whether there is a result.

Bar-joğyn checks whether a result exists or not. Qaita qaraimyz commits to reassessment, not guaranteed success in advance.

For a small shared task, propose a review date and one observable sign of success.

Correct option: bolğanymen

Közqarastarymyz ärtürlı bolğanymen, ortaq qūndylyqtarymyz bar.

Although our views differ, we have shared values.

Ärtürlı bolğanymen is concessive: differences are acknowledged, yet common ground remains. Bolğandyqtan would mean “because” and make the differences the cause of shared values.

Describe one difference in habits and one shared value in a group you know.

Correct option: They refer to personal observations and differences between families.

Menıñ baiqauymşa, būl dästür är otbasynda ärtürlı saqtalady.

From what I have observed, this tradition is kept differently in each family.

Menıñ baiqauymşa frames the statement as observation; är otbasynda ärtürlı allows different practices. It is neither a national instruction nor a claim of identical behaviour.

Describe a familiar tradition while separating your family’s experience from assumptions about others.

Correct option: Qazır oilasam, aldymen sūraq qoiuym kerek edı.

Qazır oilasam, aldymen sūraq qoiuym kerek edı.

Thinking about it now, I should have asked a question first.

Qazır oilasam introduces a present assessment of the past; qoiuym kerek edı means “I should have asked”. A condition about knowing a requirement earlier describes a different unrealised possibility, not the action you should have taken.

Name one useful question you would now ask before a similar task.

Correct option: It concerns an unrealised past: earlier knowledge would have changed the preparation.

Eger būl talapty erterek bılgenımde, basqaşa daiyndalar edım.

If I had known about this requirement earlier, I would have prepared differently.

Bılgenımde … daiyndalar edım builds an unreal past condition. Edım does not report a completed action here: the alternative preparation is imagined.

Describe a low-stakes past example using “If I had known earlier…, I would have…”.

Correct option: bıraq

Bız maqsat boiynşa kelısemız, bıraq oğan jetu jolyn älı talqylauymyz kerek.

We agree on the goal, but still need to discuss how to reach it.

Bıraq separates agreement already reached from work still outstanding. Sondyqtan would express a consequence; here the point is the boundary of agreement, not a causal chain.

Summarise a small discussion by naming one agreed point and one unresolved point.

Correct option: They remain unresolved for now.

Aitylğandardy qorytyndylasaq, ekı negızgı mäsele aşyq qalyp otyr.

To sum up what has been said, two main questions remain open.

Aşyq qalyp otyr means the questions remain open. Qorytyndylasaq summarises what was said, but summarising does not itself resolve those questions.

Name two questions that need clarification before a real decision, then propose a next step.

Correct option: Uaqyt şekteulı bolğandyqtan, ekı negızgı mysalğa ğana toqtalamyn.

Uaqyt şekteulı bolğandyqtan, ekı negızgı mysalğa ğana toqtalamyn.

Since time is limited, I will focus on just two main examples.

Şekteulı bolğandyqtan explains the time constraint; ekı negızgı mysalğa ğana specifies the selected scope. Announcing three sections describes structure but does not justify limiting the examples.

Open a one-minute explanation by naming the topic and deliberately limiting the number of examples.

Correct option: Describe the problem first, then compare possible solutions.

Aldymen mäselenı sipattap, odan keiın yqtimal şeşımderdı salystyramyn.

First, I will describe the problem, then compare possible solutions.

Aldymen … odan keiın explicitly orders the steps. Yqtimal şeşımderdı salystyramyn promises comparison of possible solutions, not an announcement of an already chosen winner.

Plan a short explanation in two stages and state the plan before giving the explanation.

Correct option: tekserıp

Qazır naqty sandy aita almaimyn, ony tekserıp jauap beremın.

I cannot give an exact figure right now; I will check it and get back to you.

Tekserıp jauap beremın links the answer to prior verification. Boljap would mean guessing or estimating, which would not meet the promise of accuracy.

Politely defer an answer about an unknown detail and name a specific way to check it.

Correct option: Only to the conditions that were tested.

Bız teksergen jağdailarda nätije osyndai boldy.

Under the conditions we tested, this was the result.

Bız teksergen jağdailarda limits the claim to tested conditions. A result is reported, but the universal conclusion “it is always so” is absent.

Describe the result of one personal experiment and explicitly state the conditions in which it was obtained.

Correct option: Būl mañyzdy mäsele, bıraq qazır negızgı taqyrypqa oralaiyq.

Būl mañyzdy mäsele, bıraq qazır negızgı taqyrypqa oralaiyq.

This is an important question, but let’s return to the main topic for now.

Mañyzdy mäsele acknowledges importance; bıraq … oralaiyq gently returns to the agenda. Asking people to take turns regulates speaking order but does not restore the topic.

Say one polite sentence to return to the topic, then separately suggest when the postponed issue can be discussed.

Correct option: The decision, the person responsible and the deadline.

Şeşımdı, jauapty adamdy jäne merzımdı jazyp qoiaiyq.

Let’s write down the decision, the person responsible and the deadline.

The three coordinated objects state exactly what to record. An attendance list does not replace the person responsible: being present and owning the action are different roles.

State an agreement for a shared task in three parts: action, owner and deadline.

Correct option: emes

Tek bastapqy bağany emes, paidalanu şyğynyn da salystyru kerek.

We need to compare the running costs as well as the initial price.

Tek … emes, … da expands the criteria considered. Using ğana would impose “only”, conflicting with the inclusion of running costs.

For a planned purchase, name the upfront cost and one cost that comes afterwards.

Correct option: Continue using the item they already own.

Özımde bar zatty ärı qarai paidalanu nūsqasyn da qarastyramyn.

I will also consider continuing to use the item I already have.

Özımde bar zatty ärı qarai paidalanu means continuing to use an existing item. Qarastyramyn means considering the option, not a final decision never to buy anything.

Name a purchase you are considering and one reasonable alternative to buying something new.

Correct option: Men adamdardyñ nietın emes, özım baiqağan jağdaidy sipattap otyrmyn.

Men adamdardyñ nietın emes, özım baiqağan jağdaidy sipattap otyrmyn.

I am describing the situation I observed, rather than people’s intentions.

Nietın emes … baiqağan jağdaidy separates assumed motives from observations. Reporting recurring noise also describes a fact, but does not explicitly state this boundary.

Describe one disagreement using observable behaviour, without assigning motives to the other person.

Correct option: Resolve the problem through mutual agreement.

Mäselenı özara kelısım arqyly şeşuge daiynmyn.

I am willing to resolve the problem by mutual agreement.

Özara kelısım arqyly specifies resolution “by mutual agreement”. Daiynmyn expresses willingness to use that approach, not an admission of guilt or acceptance of any terms.

Suggest a cooperative way to resolve an everyday disagreement and name one point to discuss together.

Correct option: oryndalsa

Qai şart oryndalsa, būl nūsqany qoldauğa daiyn bolar edıñız?

Under what condition would you be willing to support this option?

Qai şart oryndalsa ties possible support to a condition being fulfilled. Oryndalmasa reverses it, asking about support when the condition is not met.

Ask for one specific condition under which someone would be willing to support a compromise.

Correct option: Provisional: it can be tested before final approval.

Şeşımdı bırden tüpkılıktı bekıtpei, ekı apta synap köruge bolady.

We can test the solution for two weeks without immediately making it final.

Bırden tüpkılıktı bekıtpei avoids immediate final commitment; ekı apta synap köruge bolady proposes a bounded trial. This is neither inactivity nor an indefinite postponement.

Propose a two-week trial of a small change and agree on when to review it.

Correct option: Menıñ jeke ülesım — ortaq kestenı engızıp, onyñ oryndaluyn baqylau.

Menıñ jeke ülesım — ortaq kestenı engızıp, onyñ oryndaluyn baqylau.

My personal contribution was introducing a shared schedule and monitoring its implementation.

Menıñ jeke ülesım explicitly identifies your contribution and names two actions. Changing task allocation with colleagues describes a team action and does not specify this personal contribution.

Describe your personal contribution to a familiar task through two specific actions without taking credit for the whole team.

Correct option: They attribute it to the whole team’s joint effort.

Nätije bükıl toptyñ bırlesken jūmysyna bailanysty boldy.

The result depended on the whole team’s joint effort.

Bükıl toptyñ bırlesken jūmysyna refers to collective work. Bailanysty boldy connects the result with it; this recognises the team without denying an individual contribution.

Add one sentence acknowledging other people’s help to an account of your own success.

Correct option: eskerılse

Eger onyñ äserı aşyq bağalanyp, tūrğyndardyñ pıkırı eskerılse, men jobany qoldar edım.

I would support the project if its impact were assessed openly and residents’ views were taken into account.

Pıkırı eskerılse means “if their views are taken into account”: a passive conditional form. Eskerılmese adds negation and makes ignoring residents the condition, reversing the position.

State two conditions for supporting a public proposal and connect them in one sentence.

Correct option: Local residents’ everyday lives.

Turizmnıñ paidasyn bağalağanda tūrğyndardyñ kündelıktı ömırın de eskeru qajet.

When assessing the benefits of tourism, we also need to consider residents’ everyday lives.

Tūrğyndardyñ kündelıktı ömırın de adds residents’ daily lives to the assessment. De means “as well”, broadening the view rather than reducing benefits to one commercial measure.

Suggest one question for residents that would help assess a project’s effect on their ordinary day.

Correct option: qosymşa

Ekınşı jağynan, ony ıske asyru qosymşa qarajatty talap etedı.

On the other hand, implementing it will require additional funds.

Qosymşa qarajat means additional funds. Bastapqy qarajat refers to initial funds and does not express an addition to what is available.

Say the point with Ekınşı jağynan, imagining the positive argument that came before it.

Correct option: On how the decision is implemented.

Būl şeşımnıñ tiımdılıgı onyñ qalai oryndalatynyna bailanysty.

The effectiveness of this decision depends on how it is implemented.

Qalai oryndalatynyna bailanysty links effectiveness to how it is implemented. The sentence does not guarantee success merely because a decision is made.

Use this qualification about an imagined project and add one implementation example in a language you can use.

Correct option: Kelısılgen qadamdardy jazbaşa bekıtıp alaiyq.

Kelısılgen qadamdardy jazbaşa bekıtıp alaiyq.

Let’s put the agreed steps in writing.

Kelısılgen qadamdar are the steps already agreed; jazbaşa bekıtıp alaiyq suggests recording them in writing. Searching for a mutually acceptable solution belongs to an earlier stage.

Use the sentence to close imagined negotiations, then list two agreed steps in your own words.

Correct option: Which requirements are essential, and which can be postponed?

Qai talaptar mındettı, al qaisysyn keiınge qaldyruğa bolady?

Which requirements are essential, and which can be postponed?

Mındettı means essential; keiınge qaldyruğa bolady means can be postponed. The question distinguishes priorities rather than merely requesting that all steps be written down.

Ask this about a familiar task; name one essential item and one that could be postponed.

Correct option: emes

Būl — däleldengen fakt emes, avtordyñ boljamy.

This is the author’s assumption, not a proven fact.

Emes rejects the classification “proven fact”, followed by “the author’s assumption”. Eken does not negate a fact; it can express discovery or realisation.

Say the sentence and use your voice to contrast däleldengen fakt with avtordyñ boljamy.

Correct option: The article does not identify the original source.

Maqalada aqparattyñ bastapqy közı körsetılmegen.

The article does not identify the original source of the information.

Bastapqy közı körsetılmegen means that the original source is not identified. A missing reference alone does not prove the information false or show that no sources exist.

State the limitation, then ask the familiar question about the data behind a claim.

Correct option: Pıkırıñızben ışınara kelısemın.

Pıkırıñızben ışınara kelısemın.

I partly agree with your opinion.

Işınara means “partly”. Sız aityp otyrğan artyqşylyqty joqqa şyğarmaimyn acknowledges one advantage, while the target sentence explicitly states the degree of agreement with the opinion.

Begin with partial agreement and name one point you support.

Correct option: Another explanation is also possible.

Degenmen, basqa tüsındırme de boluy mümkın.

However, another explanation is also possible.

Boluy mümkın expresses possibility rather than proof. De adds “another one too” without automatically rejecting the first explanation.

Introduce an alternative explanation with this sentence and state it in your own words.

Correct option: sebebın

Mäselenıñ saldaryn ğana emes, sebebın de anyqtau kerek.

We need to identify both the consequences of the problem and its cause.

Saldar means consequence; sebep means cause. Sebebın de completes “not only the consequences but also the cause”; bağasyn would refer to a price.

Say the chunk saldaryn ğana emes, sebebın de and give a simple cause-and-consequence example.

Correct option: Let’s agree on who does what and when they will finish.

Kımnıñ ne ısteitının jäne qaşan aiaqtaitynyn kelısıp alaiyq.

Let’s agree on who does what and when they will finish.

Kımnıñ ne ısteitının specifies who does what; qaşan aiaqtaitynyn specifies when they finish. This allocates actions and deadlines rather than merely collecting views in a survey.

Say the suggestion and imagine two roles with actions for a small shared task.

Correct option: Sızdıñ otbasyñyzda būl merekenı qalai atap ötedı?

Sızdıñ otbasyñyzda būl merekenı qalai atap ötedı?

How does your family celebrate this holiday?

Sızdıñ otbasyñyzda limits the question to that particular family. A statement about regional experience does not ask for this personal account.

Ask the question and prepare one short answer about your own family.

Correct option: Treating one region’s experience as representative of the whole country.

Bır öñırdıñ täjıribesın bükıl elge ortaq dep qabyldamağan jön.

One region’s experience should not be treated as representative of the whole country.

Bır öñır means one region; bükıl el means the whole country. The sentence warns against extending one case to everyone; it does not discourage studying regional traditions.

Say the qualification, then name a specific family or region when describing a particular experience.

Correct option: bıraq

Ötkendı özgerte almaimyn, bıraq kelesı qadamdy tañdai alamyn.

I cannot change the past, but I can choose my next step.

Bıraq contrasts almaimyn with alamyn. Öitkenı would introduce a reason, while this sentence contrasts what is impossible with what is possible.

Say both clauses, emphasising the negative in the first and the possibility in the second.

Correct option: They did not have complete information at that time.

Sol kezde mende tolyq aqparat bolmady.

At that moment, I did not have complete information.

Sol kezde limits the statement to that time; tolyq aqparat bolmady means that complete information was unavailable. This does not necessarily mean having no information at all.

Think of a decision made with incomplete information and use this sentence to explain the circumstances.

Correct option: Osy tūsty naqtylap bere alasyz ba?

Osy tūsty naqtylap bere alasyz ba?

Could you clarify this point?

Osy tūsty specifies “this point”; naqtylap bere alasyz ba requests clarification. Proposing to gather data is a broader next step.

Say the request while pointing to an imagined point in your notes.

Correct option: They check whether accessibility is the other person’s main priority.

Oiyñyzdy dūrys tüsınsem, sız üşın eñ mañyzdysy — qoljetımdılık.

If I understand your point correctly, accessibility matters most to you.

Dūrys tüsınsem frames the summary as a check of understanding. Sız üşın assigns the priority to the other person rather than stating the speaker’s own view.

Repeat the sentence and pause so the other person can confirm or correct you.

Correct option: bölımnen

Baiandamam üş bölımnen tūrady.

My presentation has three parts.

Üş bölımnen tūrady uses -nen for composition: “consists of three parts”. Bölımge marks direction towards a part and does not fit this construction.

Say the sentence and name the three parts of an imagined presentation in a language you can use.

Correct option: At the end, I will summarize my proposals and answer your questions.

Soñynda ūsynystarymdy qorytyndylap, sūraqtaryñyzğa jauap beremın.

At the end, I will summarize my proposals and answer your questions.

Soñynda means “at the end”; qorytyndylap means after summarising; sūraqtaryñyzğa jauap beremın promises answers to questions. This is not an instruction to examine a table now.

Use the sentence to finish outlining a short presentation.

Correct option: Sız bastapqy şyğyn turaly ma, älde ai saiynğy şyğyn turaly sūrap tūrsyz ba?

Sız bastapqy şyğyn turaly ma, älde ai saiynğy şyğyn turaly sūrap tūrsyz ba?

Are you asking about the initial costs or the monthly costs?

Bastapqy şyğyn and ai saiynğy şyğyn are different cost categories; ma, älde connects alternatives. A general understanding check does not name these categories.

Ask the question with a short pause before älde, keeping the two alternatives clear.

Correct option: There are two parts to this question; let me address each separately.

Būl sūraqtyñ ekı bölıgı bar, ärqaisysyna jeke toqtalaiyn.

There are two parts to this question; let me address each separately.

Ekı bölıgı bar means there are two parts; ärqaisysyna jeke means each separately. The speaker structures the answer rather than claiming to have answered fully already.

Divide an imagined question into two parts and start your answer with this sentence.

Correct option: bölmei

Bır-bırımızdıñ sözımızdı bölmei, kezekpen söileseiık.

Let’s speak in turn without interrupting one another.

Sözın bölu means interrupting; bölmei means without interrupting. Bölıp removes the negative and does not match the turn-taking rule.

State the rule calmly and practise pausing to give an imagined participant their turn.

Correct option: Which of the proposals raised can we make a decision on today?

Aitylğan ūsynystardyñ qaisysy boiynşa bügın şeşım qabyldai alamyz?

Which of the proposals raised can we make a decision on today?

Qaisysy boiynşa means “on which of them”; bügın means today. The question selects a proposal for a decision now rather than reopening the shared goal.

Imagine three group proposals and ask this question to identify a concrete next step.

Correct option: Būl būiymdy jöndeuge nemese bölşegın auystyruğa bola ma?

Būl būiymdy jöndeuge nemese bölşegın auystyruğa bola ma?

Can this product be repaired, or can its parts be replaced?

Jöndeuge nemese bölşegın auystyruğa lists two maintenance possibilities. Asking about an environmental claim checks evidence for a different product feature.

Indicate an imagined appliance and ask the question, keeping both repair and parts replacement in it.

Correct option: A durable item may offer better value in some cases.

Ūzaq qyzmet etetın zat kei jağdaida tiımdırek boluy mümkın.

In some cases, a durable item may offer better value.

Kei jağdaida means “in some cases”; boluy mümkın means “may be”. Together they allow exceptions: this does not promise that a durable item always offers better value.

State the argument, emphasising both qualifications, and name a case that would need comparison.

Correct option: qaralu

Ötınışımnıñ qaralu barysy turaly habarlauyñyzdy sūraimyn.

Please keep me informed about the progress of my report.

Qaralu barysy means the progress of consideration. Jıberılu would refer to sending, which is already complete in this context.

Say the request as the closing sentence of a written report.

Correct option: Night-time noise occurred several times over the last week.

Soñğy aptada tüngı uaqytta şu bırneşe ret qaitalandy.

Night-time noise has occurred several times over the last week.

Soñğy aptada means over the last week; tüngı uaqytta means at night; bırneşe ret means several times. This cannot be replaced with one incident or continuous noise all week.

Repeat the report, separately emphasising the period, time of day and frequency.

Correct option: Aldymen ekı taraptyñ da negızgı alañdauşylyğyn tyñdaiyq.

Aldymen ekı taraptyñ da negızgı alañdauşylyğyn tyñdaiyq.

Let’s first hear the main concerns of both sides.

Ekı taraptyñ da includes both sides; aldymen puts listening first. Trial-period criteria come later, after understanding both parties.

Open an imagined meeting with this sentence and invite each side to speak in turn.

Correct option: The goals may not conflict with each other.

Maqsattaryñyz bır-bırıne qaişy kelmeuı mümkın.

Your goals may not actually conflict with one another.

Qaişy kelmeuı mümkın allows the possibility of no conflict. It is weaker than claiming identical goals or an agreement already reached.

Say the sentence, then ask each participant one question about what they want to achieve.

Correct option: Ärıptesterımmen

Ärıptesterımmen bırge tapsyrmalardy bölu tärtıbın özgerttık.

Together with my colleagues, we changed how tasks were allocated.

Ärıptesterımmen bırge means “together with my colleagues”. Ärıptesterımnen means “from my colleagues” and does not express joint action.

Say the teamwork example and emphasise bırge, keeping özgerttık, “we changed”.

Correct option: They identified the stage where delays were occurring.

Aldymen qai kezeñde kıdırıs bolatynyn anyqtadym.

First, I identified the stage at which delays were occurring.

Qai kezeñde kıdırıs bolatynyn anyqtadym means identifying the stage where delays occurred. Locating the problem does not yet mean eliminating all delays or reallocating tasks.

State this first step, then add the ready-made sentence about changing task allocation together.

Correct option: Jergılıktı tūrğyndardyñ şeşım qabyldau üderısıne qatysqany jön.

Jergılıktı tūrğyndardyñ şeşım qabyldau üderısıne qatysqany jön.

Local residents should participate in the decision-making process.

Qatysqany jön recommends participation. Comparing business owners’ and residents’ interests describes priorities without recommending involvement in the process.

State the recommendation and name one question worth discussing with residents.

Correct option: Can new services be developed while preserving the historic setting?

Tarihi ortany saqtai otyryp, jaña qyzmetterdı damytuğa bola ma?

Can new services be developed while preserving the historic setting?

Saqtai otyryp means “while preserving”; jaña qyzmetterdı damytu means developing new services. The question examines combining development with preservation rather than abandoning either.

Ask the question, then name a service whose fit with a historic setting would need discussion.

Derekközdıñ senımdılıgın teksermei, qorytyndy jasauğa bolmaidy.

You should not draw a conclusion without checking the source's reliability.

Whose reliability are we checking? The source's. The genitive ending -dıñ links derekköz to senımdılıgın: ‘the source's reliability’. This revisits a case ending within a more complex statement.

Ūsynys qabyldansa, şyğyn azaiady.

If the proposal is accepted, costs will decrease.

The translation expresses a condition, not a report that acceptance has already happened. Add -sa to the passive stem qabyldan-: qabyldansa means ‘if it is accepted’.

Bız jospardy özgertpei, merzımdı ūzarta alamyz.

We can extend the deadline without changing the plan.

What would be changed? The specific plan, so it takes the accusative ending -dy: jospardy. Use d after r and y for back-vowel harmony. Özgertpei means ‘without changing’.

Şeşım qabyldamas būryn, barlyq taraptyñ pıkırın tyñdaiyq.

Before making a decision, let us hear every side's view.

The construction -mas būryn means ‘before doing’. The stem qabylda- has the back vowel a, so choose -mas: qabyldamas būryn. Together with būryn, this negative form refers to an action that has not happened yet.

Sızdıñ täjıribeñız būl jūmysqa sai keledı.

Your experience suits this job. (Polite ‘your’.)

Sızdıñ is polite ‘your’. Täjıribe ends in the front vowel e, so add -ñız without an extra ı: täjıribeñız. The ending -ñ would be informal ‘your’.

Tūrğyndardyñ ūsynystary eskerılse, joba paidalyraq bolady.

If residents' suggestions are taken into account, the project will be more useful.

Whose suggestions? The residents': tūrğyndardyñ ūsynystary. Add genitive -dyñ to the plural tūrğyndar: r takes d, and the last vowel a calls for y.

Bır jağynan, būl özgerıs tūrğyndardyñ uaqytyn ünemdeidı.

On the one hand, this change will save residents time.

Tūrğyndardyñ uaqytyn means “residents’ time”: genitive -dyñ links residents to the time. Use d after r, with -dyñ for the last vowel a.

Ūsynysyñyzdy tüsınemın, alaida qazırgı merzımge ülgeru qiyn.

I understand your proposal; however, it is difficult to meet the current deadline.

Merzımge ülgeru means meeting a deadline. Ülgeru is linked to the dative here; after m and with ı, choose -ge.

Būl tūjyrym qandai derekke süienedı?

What data is this claim based on?

Derekke süienedı means “relies on evidence”. Süienu takes the dative here; after voiceless k and with e, use -ke.

Pıkırıñızben ışınara kelısemın.

I partly agree with your opinion.

Pıkırıñızben kelısemın means “I agree with your opinion”. After z choose -ben; the vowel e in this case ending stays unchanged.

Bır aidan keiın nätije bar-joğyn qaita qaraimyz.

In a month, we will check again to see whether there is a result.

Bır aidan keiın means “after one month”: keiın combines with the ablative. After i and with a, choose -dan.

Būl şyğarmadağy qaharmannyñ tañdauy sızge tüsınıktı me?

Do you understand the choice made by the character in this work?

Qaharmannyñ tañdauy means “the hero’s choice”. After n the genitive is -nyñ/-nıñ; the last vowel a requires -nyñ.

Eger onyñ äserı aşyq bağalanyp, tūrğyndardyñ pıkırı eskerılse, men jobany qoldar edım.

I would support the project if its impact were assessed openly and residents’ views were taken into account.

Eskerılse means “if it is taken into account”: eskerıl- is already passive, and -se adds the condition. Eskerıldı would report a completed action.

Qaptamadağy ekologialyq mälımdeme qandai dälelge negızdelgen?

What evidence supports the environmental claim on the packaging?

Negızdelgen means “is based”. Add -gen to negızdel-: l takes g, and the front vowels require e.

Būl tūsta kestedegı aiyrmaşylyqqa nazar audaryñyzdar.

At this point, please note the difference shown in the table.

Audaryñyzdar politely addresses several listeners. After the consonant in audar, choose -yñyzdar; a form with ı does not match the vowel a.

Şeşımdı bırden tüpkılıktı bekıtpei, ekı apta synap köruge bolady.

We can test the solution for two weeks without immediately making it final.

Bekıtpei means “without approving”: the negative form -pe + i. After voiceless t and with ı, use -pei; the decision remains provisional.

Kölemın azaitqan jağdaida jūmysty jūmağa deiın aiaqtai alamyz.

If we reduce the scope, we can finish the work by Friday.

Azaitqan jağdaida sets a condition: “if we reduce the scope”. The clause that follows gives the possible result: finishing by Friday.

Qoldağy mälımet jetkılıksız bolğandyqtan, naqty aita almaimyn.

Since the available information is insufficient, I cannot say for certain.

Jetkılıksız means “insufficient”. With bolğandyqtan it explains the uncertainty: there is not enough information to say for certain.

Pıkırıñızben ışınara kelısemın.

I partly agree with your opinion.

Işınara means “partly”: agreement with only part of the opinion. Tolyq means fully and sözsız unreservedly; both would strengthen the agreement and change its meaning.

Sebebın anyqtamaiynşa, tūraqty şeşım tabu qiyn.

Until we identify the cause, it is difficult to find a lasting solution.

Anyqtamaiynşa means “until we identify”: a lasting solution is difficult without establishing the cause. The other forms express a reason, a time, or a concession instead.

Būl şeşımnıñ tiımdılıgı onyñ qalai oryndalatynyna bailanysty.

The effectiveness of this decision depends on how it is implemented.

Tiımdılıgı means “effectiveness”: how well the decision achieves a result. Qūny is cost, ūzaqtyğy duration, and atauy name; these are different parameters.

Kelısılgen qadamdardy jazbaşa bekıtıp alaiyq.

Let’s put the agreed steps in writing.

Jazbaşa bekıtu means recording the agreement in writing. Auyzşa means orally; that replacement would remove the written record.

Derektı basqa täuelsız közben salystyryp teksereiık.

Let’s check the data against another independent source.

Täuelsız köz is an independent source. Belgısız means unknown and aqyly paid; neither being unknown nor charging money establishes independence.

Osy aiyrmaşylyqty naqty mysalmen tüsındırıp bereiın.

Let me explain this difference with a specific example.

Naqty mysalmen tüsındıru means explaining through a concrete example. Sūraq is a question, bağa a price or assessment, and qatelık a mistake; the translation promises an example.

Mäselenıñ saldaryn ğana emes, sebebın de anyqtau kerek.

We need to identify both the consequences of the problem and its cause.

Saldaryn ğana emes, sebebın de distinguishes consequences from the cause. Bağasyn is price, merzımın a deadline, and sanyn a quantity; none names the cause of the problem.

Bır öñırdıñ täjıribesın bükıl elge ortaq dep qabyldamağan jön.

One region’s experience should not be treated as representative of the whole country.

Bükıl elge means “for the whole country”. The sentence warns against generalising one region’s experience to the whole; jarty would mean half, not the whole country.

Ötkendı özgerte almaimyn, bıraq kelesı qadamdy tañdai alamyn.

I cannot change the past, but I can choose my next step.

Kelesı qadam is the next step, which can still be chosen. Ötken and aldyñğy refer to the previous one; soñğy means last, not necessarily next.

Oiyñyzdy dūrys tüsınsem, sız üşın eñ mañyzdysy — qoljetımdılık.

If I understand your point correctly, accessibility matters most to you.

Qoljetımdılık means accessibility. Jyldamdyq is speed, tynyştyq quiet, and tanymaldyq popularity; clarifying another person’s priority requires keeping the same concept.

Aldymen mäselenı sipattap, odan keiın yqtimal şeşımderdı salystyramyn.

First, I will describe the problem, then compare possible solutions.

Yqtimal şeşımder are possible solutions to compare. Mındettı means mandatory, būrynğy previous, and jasyryn hidden; these give the options different statuses.

Būl sūraqtyñ ekı bölıgı bar, ärqaisysyna jeke toqtalaiyn.

There are two parts to this question; let me address each separately.

Ärqaisysyna jeke toqtalaiyn offers to address each part separately. Bırge would mean together, keiın later, and asyğys hurriedly.

Bır-bırımızdıñ sözımızdı bölmei, kezekpen söileseiık.

Let’s speak in turn without interrupting one another.

Kezekpen söileseiık means “let’s take turns speaking”. It supports the request not to interrupt; bırge alone does not establish turn-taking.

Nätije bükıl toptyñ bırlesken jūmysyna bailanysty boldy.

The result depended on the whole team’s joint effort.

Bırlesken jūmys means joint work. Jeke would mean individual; the sentence attributes the result to the team’s collective effort.