Explain how to prepare a dish in order and suggest an ingredient substitution.
How the language works
Aldymen means “first”, sodan keiın “then”, and soñynda “at the end”. Turağannan keiın means “after chopping”; … bolmasa means “if there is no…”. Polite instructions to one person use -ñyz/-ñız and -yñyz/-ıñız. Compare the stems and full forms: oqy → oqyñyz — “read”, söile → söileñız — “speak”, sal → salyñyz — “put in”, ber → berıñız — “give”. In a recipe: juyñyz — “wash”, qosyñyz — “add”. Sız is the pronoun “you”, not a verb ending.
Useful phrases
Read, recall the meaning and say it aloud. Then compare with the audio.
Būl salatty daiyndauğa köp uaqyt ketpeidı.
This salad does not take long to prepare.
Aldymen kökönısterdı juyp alyñyz.
First, wash the vegetables.
Qiar men qyzanaqty ūsaqtap turañyz.
Finely chop the cucumbers and tomatoes.
Sodan keiın bärın bır ydysqa salyñyz.
Then put everything in one bowl.
Maionez bolmasa, ornyna airan qosuğa bolady.
If there is no mayonnaise, you can add ayran instead.
Soñynda dämıne qarai tūz qosyñyz.
Finally, add salt to taste.
Dialogue
Myna salatty qalai daiyndadyñyz?
How did you make this salad?
Aldymen qiar men qyzanaqty juyp, ūsaqtap turadym.
First, I washed the cucumbers and tomatoes and chopped them finely.
Sodan keiın ne qostyñyz?
What did you add next?
Airan men azdap tūz qosyp, aralastyrdym.
I added ayran and a little salt, then mixed it all together.
Check your understanding
Choose an answer before opening the explanation. Then explain your choice.
1. Choose the correct translation: “Būl salatty daiyndauğa köp uaqyt ketpeidı.”
- Finally, add salt to taste.
- This salad does not take long to prepare.
- Finely chop the cucumbers and tomatoes.
- First, wash the vegetables.
Answer and explanation
This salad does not take long to prepare.
Būl salatty daiyndauğa köp uaqyt ketpeidı. — This salad does not take long to prepare.
2. How do you say “Then put everything in one bowl.”?
- Aldymen kökönısterdı juyp alyñyz.
- Sodan keiın bärın bır ydysqa salyñyz.
- Maionez bolmasa, ornyna airan qosuğa bolady.
- Soñynda dämıne qarai tūz qosyñyz.
Answer and explanation
Sodan keiın bärın bır ydysqa salyñyz.
Sodan keiın bärın bır ydysqa salyñyz. — Then put everything in one bowl.
3. Which expression means ‘instead of it’?
- Qasyna
- Aldynda
- Işınen
- Ornyna
Answer and explanation
Ornyna
Ornyna indicates a replacement: “instead of it/him/her”. Qasyna means “to its/his/her side”, aldynda “in front of it/him/her”, and ışınen “from inside it”.
Make it your own
Explain a simple salad recipe to a friend: the ingredients, the sequence and a possible substitution.
- I named the ingredients
- I gave the steps in order
- I suggested a substitution
Example response
Būl salatqa qiar, qyzanaq, airan jäne tūz kerek. Aldymen kökönısterdı juyp alyñyz. Qiar men qyzanaqty ūsaqtap turañyz. Sodan keiın bärın bır ydysqa salyp, airan qosyñyz. Soñynda dämıne qarai tūz qosyp, aralastyryñyz. Airan bolmasa, basqa tūzdyq tañdauğa bolady.